Penal codes

Practicing, attempting to practice, or advertising or holding oneself out as practicing medicine (diagnosing, treating, operating, prescribing) without a valid California license. Wobbler.

Exercising a privilege or doing a thing that requires an ABC license (e.g. selling, manufacturing or importing alcohol) without holding the required license. Misdemeanor.

Selling, furnishing or giving an alcoholic beverage to a habitual or common drunkard, or to an obviously intoxicated person. Misdemeanor.

Possessing an open can, bottle or other receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage in a city or county park or other public place where a local ordinance prohibits it. Infraction.

A licensee or employee selling, giving or purchasing alcoholic beverages on licensed premises between 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. Misdemeanor.

Selling, furnishing, giving, or causing to be sold, furnished or given away any alcoholic beverage to a person under 21. Misdemeanor.

A person under 21 purchasing any alcoholic beverage, or consuming one in an on-sale licensed premises (bar or restaurant). Misdemeanor (fine and/or community service).

A person under 21 presenting or offering a false or altered ID, or another person's ID, to purchase alcohol or to enter a licensed premises. Misdemeanor.

A person under 21 possessing any alcoholic beverage on any street, highway or place open to the public, without a lawful exception such as following a parent's instruction. Misdemeanor (fine or community service).

Possessing any controlled substance (e.g. prescription opioids, benzodiazepines, stimulants) unless it was furnished under a valid prescription from a licensed practitioner. Misdemeanor.

Practicing law, advertising, or holding oneself out as entitled to practice law in California without being an active licensed member of the State Bar. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

Engaging in the business of, or acting as, a contractor (construction work over $500) without a valid Contractors State License Board license. Misdemeanor.

Not a criminal charge: when a properly served witness fails to appear, the court may issue a warrant (body attachment) to bring them before the court. Any punishment is through contempt proceedings.

Hunting, taking, or possessing a firearm or other weapon for taking birds or mammals within a state game refuge or designated protected area, except as authorized. Misdemeanor.

Illegally taking, possessing or selling specified big game, protected species, abalone, sturgeon or other listed wildlife for profit or personal gain, or conspiring or aiding to do so. Misdemeanor with fines of $5,000 to $40,000 and up to 1 year.

Substantially diverting or obstructing the natural flow of, or changing or using material from the bed, channel or bank of, any river, stream or lake, or depositing debris where it may enter one, without notifying the Department of Fish and Wildlife. Misdemeanor.

Taking (hunting, pursuing, catching, capturing or killing) or possessing any bird, mammal, fish, reptile or amphibian except as expressly permitted by the Fish and Game Code or its regulations (season, limits, license, method). Misdemeanor.

Taking or possessing fish (or other aquatic life) except as expressly permitted by the Fish and Game Code or Title 14 regulations (season, size, bag limit, gear, license). Misdemeanor.

Hunting, pursuing, capturing or killing any game bird or mammal except as expressly permitted by the Fish and Game Code or regulations (season, tags, license, method). Misdemeanor.

Taking, possessing or destroying any bird, mammal, fish, reptile or amphibian in excess of the bag or possession limit, or outside the open season set by law or regulation. Misdemeanor.

Possessing any bird, mammal, fish, reptile or amphibian, or any part of one, taken in violation of the Fish and Game Code or regulations. Misdemeanor.

Using an artificial light to assist in taking game birds, game mammals or game fish, or throwing or casting a light onto fields or forests where game may be found while possessing a firearm, weapon or other means of take. An example of a prohibited hunting method. Misdemeanor.

Willfully interfering with another person's participation in the lawful activity of shooting, hunting, fishing, falconry or trapping, at the location of that activity. Infraction or misdemeanor (FGC 12000(b)).

Refusing or failing to exhibit, on demand of a wildlife officer or other peace officer, any license, tag or permit, or any fish, wildlife, gear or equipment taken or used. Hunting and fishing licenses are both covered. Misdemeanor (FGC 12000(a)).

Refusing or failing to show a fishing license, report card, catch, gear or equipment on demand of a wildlife officer or other peace officer. Misdemeanor (FGC 12000(a)).

Entering land that is enclosed, cultivated, or posted against trespass for the purpose of hunting or fishing without the written permission of the owner or person in control. Misdemeanor.

Importing, exporting, taking, possessing, purchasing or selling any species (or part or product) listed as endangered, threatened or a candidate under the California Endangered Species Act, without a permit. Misdemeanor.

Importing, transporting, possessing or releasing any restricted wild animal (e.g. big cats, primates, venomous snakes, alligators) without a Department of Fish and Wildlife permit. Misdemeanor.

Taking or attempting to take any bird or mammal from one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise, except as otherwise permitted. Misdemeanor.

Taking or attempting to take any bird or mammal while intoxicated, or carrying a loaded firearm in a hunting area or while hunting while intoxicated. Misdemeanor.

Shooting at any game bird or mammal (other than a marine mammal), or at any other animal, from a powerboat, sailboat, motor vehicle or airplane while it is moving or from a public road. Misdemeanor.

Hunting, or discharging a firearm or other deadly weapon while hunting, within 150 yards of an occupied dwelling or building without the owner's or occupant's permission. Misdemeanor.

Taking or attempting to take any bird or mammal without a valid hunting license (residents 16 and older and all nonresidents) in one's immediate possession. Misdemeanor.

Selling or purchasing, or offering to sell or purchase, any bird or mammal found wild in California (or parts of it), except as expressly permitted. Misdemeanor.

Taking, possessing or needlessly destroying the nest or eggs of any bird, except as otherwise provided by law or regulation. Misdemeanor.

Taking or possessing a fully protected bird (California condor, bald eagle, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, white-tailed kite, etc.), or any part of one, except as authorized. Misdemeanor.

Taking, injuring, possessing, transporting or selling a mountain lion or any part of one, except by authorized depredation permit or for public safety. Misdemeanor.

Possessing or using any explosive substance in or near state waters where fish are found, or in a way that may kill or injure fish. An example of a prohibited fishing method. Misdemeanor.

Depositing, or permitting to pass into the waters of the state, petroleum, refuse, chemicals or any substance or material deleterious to fish, plant life, mammals or bird life. Misdemeanor.

Depositing, or permitting to pass, any garbage, trash, cans, bottles, waste or similar material in state waters or within 150 feet of the high-water mark. Infraction or misdemeanor (FGC 12000(b)).

Selling, purchasing or possessing for sale any fish taken under a sport fishing license, or taken in a manner not authorized for commercial take. Misdemeanor.

A person 16 or older taking any fish, reptile or amphibian for any purpose other than profit without a valid sport fishing license for the period it is used (except on free fishing days or from public piers). Misdemeanor.

A public officer or employee who is financially interested in a contract made by them in their official capacity or by a body or board of which they are a member. Felony when willful (GC 1097).

Willfully omitting to perform any duty enjoined by law on a public officer, or on any person holding public trust or employment, where no other special provision applies. Misdemeanor.

Using or permitting the use of the Great Seal of the State of California (or any likeness of it) maliciously, or for any commercial or other unauthorized purpose. Misdemeanor.

Willfully stealing, removing, secreting, destroying, mutilating, defacing or altering a record, map, book, paper or document filed or deposited in a public office or with a public officer, by a person who is not its custodian. Wobbler.

Discharging, or permitting the discharge of, oil, oily ballast, bilge water or other hazardous or deleterious material from a vessel into navigable waters of the state. Misdemeanor.

Operating a vessel in a special-use area, closed zone or time-restricted waterway established by a city or county ordinance under HNC 268/660. Penalties come from the local ordinance; federal security zones are enforced by the Coast Guard.

Mooring or fastening a vessel to, or hanging on to, any state or federal navigation buoy, beacon, light or marker, except in an emergency. Infraction.

Operating a motorboat whose engine lacks a muffler or other effective noise-suppression device or exhaust system meeting state noise limits (e.g. an open exhaust or straight pipes). Infraction.

Using or operating a vessel, water skis, aquaplane or similar device in a reckless or negligent manner that endangers the life, limb or property of any person. Misdemeanor.

Operating any vessel, or manipulating water skis or a similar device, while under the influence of alcohol, drugs or both (0.08% BAC or higher creates a presumption). Misdemeanor; 655(c)/(d) cover per se and drug-related BUI.

Operating any recreational vessel, or manipulating water skis or similar devices, with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more. Misdemeanor.

Operating a vessel while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs and doing an act forbidden by law or neglecting a legal duty, which proximately causes bodily injury to another person. Wobbler.

Operating a motorboat faster than 5 mph within 100 ft of a bather (except in channels), or within 200 ft of a bathing beach, swimming float, diving platform, lifeline, passenger landing or moored vessels. Infraction.

Failing to file a written accident report with the Division of Boating and Waterways after a boating accident involving death, disappearance, injury requiring more than first aid, or property damage over $2,000. Misdemeanor.

An operator involved in a collision, accident or casualty that results in death or injury who fails to stop, render reasonable assistance, and give their name, address and vessel identification. Felony if death or serious injury results.

Operating a vessel without a Coast Guard-approved wearable life jacket of suitable size for each person aboard, or (on vessels 16 ft and over) a throwable device, as required by federal and state regulations. Infraction.

Failing to stop a vessel, or to allow boarding, when directed by a peace officer, harbor patrol or other authorized law enforcement vessel enforcing boating laws. Misdemeanor.

Operating a motorized vessel on state waters without a valid California Boater Card in one's possession, when required by age and phase-in schedule (all ages since 2025). Infraction.

Obtaining or attempting to obtain controlled substances, or a prescription for them, by fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, subterfuge or concealment of a material fact, such as seeing several doctors without disclosure. Wobbler.

Knowingly possessing a usable amount of a narcotic controlled substance (heroin, cocaine, fentanyl, oxycodone, codeine preparations, etc.), aware of its narcotic nature, without a valid prescription. Misdemeanor since Prop 47.

Knowingly possessing a usable amount of a Schedule II narcotic (cocaine, oxycodone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, methadone, etc.) without a prescription. Misdemeanor since Prop 47. Methamphetamine (non-narcotic) is HS 11377.

Knowingly possessing a narcotic drug in Schedule III, IV or V (e.g. codeine combination products) without a prescription. Misdemeanor.

Possessing a narcotic controlled substance (heroin, cocaine, fentanyl, etc.) with intent to sell it, shown by quantity, packaging, scales, cash or other evidence. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Possessing a Schedule II narcotic (cocaine, oxycodone, fentanyl, etc.) with intent to sell it, shown by quantity, packaging, scales, cash or other evidence. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Possessing cocaine base (crack cocaine) for the purpose of sale. Felony: 3, 4 or 5 years.

Transporting for sale, importing, selling, furnishing, administering or giving away (or offering or attempting to) a narcotic controlled substance. Felony: 3, 4 or 5 years.

Transporting (moving from one place to another) a narcotic controlled substance for the purpose of sale. Personal-use transport is not covered since 2014. Felony: 3, 4 or 5 years.

Transporting a narcotic controlled substance for sale within California across two or more noncontiguous counties. Felony: 3, 6 or 9 years.

An adult who solicits, induces, encourages or intimidates a minor to sell, transport or possess narcotics for sale, or who uses a minor as an agent to do so. Felony: 3, 6 or 9 years.

Sentence enhancement for an adult convicted of selling or furnishing narcotics (HS 11351, 11352, etc.) on, or within 1,000 feet of, a K-12 school when minors are present. Adds 3, 4 or 5 years.

Agreeing or offering to sell a controlled substance, then selling or delivering a different, non-controlled substance (or liquid) in its place. Wobbler.

A person under 18 possessing 28.5 grams or less of cannabis (or 8 grams or less of concentrate). Infraction requiring drug education or community service.

A person 18 or older possessing more than 28.5 grams of cannabis, or more than 8 grams of concentrated cannabis. Misdemeanor (fine up to $500 and/or 6 months).

A person 18 or older cultivating more than six living cannabis plants without a state license. Misdemeanor (a felony with listed priors or environmental violations).

A person 18 or older possessing cannabis with intent to sell it without a state license. Misdemeanor (a felony with listed priors or if sold to minors).

A person 18 or older selling, furnishing, transporting for sale, importing or giving away cannabis without a license. Misdemeanor (felony to minors or with listed priors).

A person 18 or older who hires, employs or uses a minor to unlawfully transport, carry, sell, give away or prepare cannabis for sale. Felony: 3, 5 or 7 years.

Smoking, vaping or ingesting cannabis in a public place (or where tobacco smoking is prohibited), except as permitted by a local licensed-lounge ordinance. Infraction ($100).

Possessing an opium pipe or any device, contrivance, instrument or paraphernalia used for unlawfully injecting or smoking a listed controlled substance (meth pipes, crack pipes, etc.). Hypodermic needles and syringes are exempt. Misdemeanor.

Delivering, furnishing, transferring, or possessing with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing or reasonably should know it will be used to unlawfully use or process a controlled substance. Misdemeanor.

Opening or maintaining any place for the purpose of unlawfully selling, giving away or using a controlled substance. Wobbler.

As an owner, manager, renter or person in control of a building or room, knowingly renting, leasing or making it available for the unlawful manufacture, storage or distribution of a controlled substance. Wobbler.

Forging or altering a prescription, or issuing, uttering or possessing a forged or altered prescription, or obtaining a narcotic drug with one. Wobbler.

Unlawfully possessing cocaine, cocaine base, heroin, methamphetamine, PCP or another listed drug while armed with a loaded, operable firearm that is immediately available for use. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Sentence enhancement for possession for sale, sale or transport of heroin, cocaine, cocaine base or fentanyl over 1 kg (fentanyl: lower thresholds), or meth/PCP over set weights or volumes. Adds 3 to 25 years by quantity.

Possessing a controlled substance listed in HS 11375(c), such as diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam, clonazepam, triazolam or phentermine, without a prescription. Infraction or misdemeanor.

Knowingly possessing a usable amount of a controlled substance such as methamphetamine, MDMA, LSD, ketamine, GHB or anabolic steroids, without a valid prescription. Misdemeanor since Prop 47.

Possessing methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine or another non-narcotic controlled substance with intent to sell it. Felony: 16 months, 2 or 3 years.

Transporting for sale, importing, selling, furnishing, administering or giving away (or offering or attempting to) methamphetamine or another non-narcotic controlled substance. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Transporting methamphetamine or another non-narcotic controlled substance for sale within California across two or more noncontiguous counties. Felony: 3, 6 or 9 years.

Manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, deriving, processing or preparing a controlled substance, directly or indirectly by chemical extraction or synthesis (e.g. a meth lab or butane honey oil extraction). Felony: 3, 5 or 7 years.

Sentence enhancement for manufacturing a controlled substance in amounts over 3 gallons liquid or 1 lb solid (scaling up to 105 gallons or 44 lbs). Adds 3 to 15 years.

Possessing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine or another listed precursor chemical (or combinations of chemicals) with intent to manufacture methamphetamine. Felony: 2, 4 or 6 years.

Loitering in a public place in a manner and under circumstances showing intent to commit a drug-related offense (HS 11350 through 11401), e.g. repeated hand-to-hand contacts. Misdemeanor.

Using or being under the influence of a listed controlled substance (e.g. heroin, cocaine, meth, PCP), unless it was administered by or under a valid prescription. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

Possessing any explosive (dynamite, C4, blasting caps, detonating cord, etc.) without a valid permit from the issuing authority. Wobbler.

Selling or transferring dangerous fireworks to a person who does not hold a valid state fireworks permit. Misdemeanor; a wobbler for large quantities.

Possessing dangerous fireworks (e.g. M-80s, aerial shells, rockets, firecrackers) without a valid state permit. Misdemeanor for small quantities; larger quantities raise the penalty (HS 12700).

Through careless or negligent action, throwing or placing a lighted cigarette, cigar, ashes or other flaming or glowing substance anywhere it may start a fire. Misdemeanor.

Holding oneself out as an EMT, advanced EMT or paramedic, or using those titles or patches, without a valid California certificate or license. Misdemeanor under HS 1798.206.

Disposing of, or causing the disposal of, any hazardous waste at a facility or location that does not hold a permit for that waste. Wobbler (felony when the person knew or reasonably should have known).

Knowingly, or with reckless disregard, storing or treating hazardous waste at a facility that lacks a permit, or in violation of permit terms. Punished under HS 25189.5 and 25189.6.

Knowingly, or with reckless disregard for human life, treating, handling, transporting, disposing of or storing hazardous waste in a way that causes an unreasonable risk of fire, explosion, serious injury or death. Felony.

Discharging air contaminants or other material that cause injury, detriment, nuisance or annoyance to a considerable number of people, or that endanger public comfort, repose, health or safety, or damage property. Misdemeanor.

Willfully mutilating, disinterring, removing from the place of interment, or committing an act of sexual penetration or sexual contact on any remains known to be human, without authority of law. Felony.

Using, or attempting to use, a destructive device, explosive or arson against a place of worship, clinic, government building, school or other listed location, intending to terrorize. Felony: 3, 5 or 7 years.

Knowingly threatening to use a weapon of mass destruction (chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological), with intent that it be taken as a threat, where the threat causes the victim reasonable sustained fear. Wobbler.

Knowingly procuring or offering a false or forged instrument (deed, lien, title, etc.) to be filed, registered or recorded in a public office. Felony: 16 months, 2 or 3 years.

Willfully stating as true any material matter one knows to be false, while under oath (or under penalty of perjury) before a court, officer or in a sworn declaration or document. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

A peace officer who knowingly and intentionally files a police report containing a material false statement regarding the commission or investigation of a crime. Wobbler.

Sentence enhancement for a person armed with a firearm (available for offensive or defensive use) during the commission or attempted commission of a felony. Adds 1 year.

Sentence enhancement for personally using a deadly or dangerous weapon (knife, bat, etc.) during the commission or attempted commission of a felony. Adds 1 year.

Sentence enhancement for personally using a firearm during any felony or attempted felony (not already covered by PC 12022.53). Adds 3, 4 or 10 years.

Sentence enhancement for personally using a firearm during murder, robbery, carjacking, kidnapping, rape or another listed felony. Adds 10 years (20 if discharged, 25-to-life if it causes great bodily injury or death).

Sentence enhancement for personally and intentionally discharging a firearm during murder, robbery, carjacking, kidnapping or another listed felony. Adds 20 years.

Sentence enhancement for personally and intentionally discharging a firearm during a listed felony, causing great bodily injury or death to a non-accomplice. Adds 25 years to life.

Sentence enhancement added to any felony or attempted felony in which the defendant personally inflicted great bodily injury (significant or substantial physical injury) on a non-accomplice. Adds 3 years.

Not a new crime: an arrest or court proceeding to revoke probation or mandatory supervision when the person violates its conditions or commits a new offense. Sanctions are imposed on the original case.

Willfully procuring or persuading another person to commit perjury. Punished the same as perjury.

Knowingly offering in evidence, in any trial, inquiry or other proceeding authorized by law, a book, paper, document, record or other instrument that has been forged or fraudulently altered. Felony.

Willfully failing to appear as required after being released on one's own recognizance in a misdemeanor case, with intent to evade the process of the court. Misdemeanor (PC 1320(b): felony if the underlying case is a felony).

A person charged with or convicted of a felony who is released on bail and willfully fails to appear as required, with intent to evade the court. Felony.

Practicing any fraud or deceit, or knowingly making a false statement or representation, to a witness or prospective witness with intent to affect their testimony. Misdemeanor.

Preparing any false or antedated book, paper, record, instrument or other object with intent to produce it, or allow it to be produced, as genuine evidence in a trial or investigation. Felony.

Knowing that a thing (document, record, digital file, object) is about to be produced in evidence in any trial, inquiry or investigation authorized by law, willfully destroying, erasing or concealing it to prevent its production. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly and maliciously preventing or dissuading (or attempting to) a witness or victim from attending or giving testimony at any trial, proceeding or inquiry authorized by law. Wobbler.

Preventing or dissuading (or attempting to) a victim or witness from reporting a crime to police, a prosecutor or a probation officer. Wobbler.

Dissuading or attempting to dissuade a witness or victim (PC 136.1(a) or (b)) where the act is accompanied by force or an express or implied threat of force or violence against the witness, a third person or property. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Giving, offering or promising a bribe to a witness or a person about to be called as a witness, to influence their testimony or induce them to withhold true testimony. Felony.

Knowingly inducing, or attempting to induce, a witness to give false testimony or withhold true testimony by force, threats of violence or similar means. Wobbler.

Willfully using or threatening force or violence, or threatening to take property, against a witness, victim or person who gave information to police because of that assistance. Wobbler.

Knowingly, willfully and with intent to have a person charged with a crime, changing, planting, placing, manufacturing, concealing or moving physical evidence. Misdemeanor.

A peace officer who knowingly, willfully and intentionally plants, alters, conceals or fabricates evidence, with intent to have a person charged with a crime or to affect a case outcome. Felony: 2, 3 or 5 years.

Structuring, or helping to structure, cash transactions with a financial institution (e.g. multiple deposits under $10,000) to evade state or federal currency-transaction reporting requirements. Wobbler.

A public officer, or a person pretending to be one, who under pretense of legal authority but without regular process arrests or detains a person against their will, seizes property, or dispossesses anyone of land. Misdemeanor.

Falsely representing oneself as a deputy or clerk in a state department and, in that assumed character, arresting, detaining, searching or threatening a person, or attempting to. Misdemeanor.

Falsely representing oneself as a public officer, investigator or inspector in a state department and, in that assumed character, arresting, detaining, searching, or receiving money or property, or attempting to. Wobbler.

Willfully resisting, delaying or obstructing a peace officer, public officer or EMT lawfully performing their duties, knowing (or reasonably should know) they are such an officer. Includes fleeing on foot from a lawful detention. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

Removing or taking any weapon other than a firearm (baton, taser, pepper spray) from the person or immediate presence of a peace officer engaged in their duties. Wobbler.

Removing or taking a firearm from the person or immediate presence of a peace officer engaged in their duties (or attempting to), where the defendant knew or should have known the victim was an officer. Wobbler.

Knowingly falsely reporting to a peace officer, firefighter, airport or school official or other listed person that a bomb or explosive has been placed in any public or private place or vehicle. Wobbler.

Falsely reporting to any other person that a bomb or explosive has been or will be placed or secreted in any public or private place, knowing the report is false. Wobbler.

Placing, or causing to be placed, a false or facsimile bomb in any public or private place, with intent to cause another to fear for their safety or the safety of others. Wobbler.

Willfully resisting a peace officer performing their duties where the resistance proximately causes the officer's death or serious bodily injury. Wobbler.

At the scene of a fire or emergency, willfully resisting, interfering with, or disobeying a lawful order of a firefighter or emergency rescue personnel (e.g. paramedics, lifeguards) performing their duties. Misdemeanor.

Reporting, or causing a report to be made, to a police, fire or 911 agency that an emergency exists, knowing the report is false. Misdemeanor (see PC 148.3(b) if injury results).

Knowingly making a false emergency report (PC 148.3(a)) where the emergency response causes great bodily injury or death to any person. Wobbler.

Willfully and maliciously tampering with, molesting, injuring or breaking a fire alarm, fire-protection device, sprinkler, extinguisher or fire hydrant. Misdemeanor.

Willfully and maliciously sending, giving, transmitting or sounding a false fire alarm (verbally, by phone, or by alarm box). Misdemeanor.

Reporting to a peace officer, DA or prosecutor (or other listed official) that a felony or misdemeanor has been committed, knowing the report is false. Misdemeanor.

Filing an allegation of misconduct against a peace officer, knowing it to be false. Misdemeanor.

Falsely representing or identifying oneself as another real or fictitious person to a peace officer upon a lawful detention or arrest, to evade the process of the court or proper identification. Misdemeanor. California has no general duty to identify oneself to police.

A public officer who, under color of authority and without lawful necessity, assaults or beats any person. Wobbler.

Giving or offering a bribe to a member of a county board of supervisors, city council or other local legislative body, with intent to corruptly influence their vote or official action. Felony.

Disorderly, contemptuous or insolent behavior committed during a court sitting, in the immediate view and presence of the court, that tends to interrupt the proceedings or impair the court's authority. Misdemeanor.

Willfully disobeying the terms of any process or lawfully issued court order (other than protective orders, which fall under PC 166(c)/273.6). Misdemeanor.

Knowingly possessing a firearm, knife, box cutter, taser, stun gun, ammunition or other listed item in the sterile area (past the security screening checkpoint) of an airport or passenger vessel terminal. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly bringing or possessing a firearm, deadly weapon, knife over 4 in., taser, stun gun or other listed weapon inside a state or local public building or at a public meeting, without authorization. Wobbler.

Knowingly bringing or possessing a firearm, deadly weapon, knife over 4 in., taser or stun gun inside a courthouse or court facility, without authorization. Wobbler.

Bringing or possessing a loaded firearm in the State Capitol, its grounds, a legislative office, the Governor's office or a legislative hearing room, without authorization. Wobbler.

Two or more persons agreeing to commit any crime, plus an overt act by at least one of them in furtherance of the agreement. Punished like the target crime (felony conspiracy for a felony target).

Agreement by two or more persons to commit murder, with intent to kill, plus an overt act in furtherance. 25 years to life.

Agreement by two or more persons to commit robbery (PC 211), plus an overt act by any of them in furtherance. Punished as robbery.

Agreement by two or more persons to commit burglary (PC 459), plus an overt act by any of them in furtherance. Punished as burglary.

Agreement by two or more persons to commit theft (PC 484/487), plus an overt act by any of them in furtherance. Felony conspiracy (wobbler).

Two or more persons conspiring to commit any act injurious to public health or morals, or to pervert or obstruct justice or the due administration of the laws, plus an overt act. Wobbler.

Actively participating in a criminal street gang, knowing of its pattern of criminal activity, and willfully promoting or assisting a felony by members, or benefiting from it. Punished as conspiracy to commit that felony.

Wearing a mask, false whiskers or any personal disguise (complete or partial) in order to evade or escape discovery, recognition or identification while committing a public offense, or to escape after one. Misdemeanor.

Conducting or attempting transactions totaling more than $5,000 in 7 days (or $25,000 in 30 days) through a financial institution with intent to promote criminal activity, or knowing the funds are proceeds of criminal activity. Wobbler.

Actively participating in a criminal street gang or corrupt organization, knowing its members engage in a pattern of criminal gang activity, and willfully promoting, furthering or assisting any felonious conduct by gang members.

Actively participating in an organized criminal group, knowing its members engage in a pattern of criminal activity, and furthering its felonies. California has no state RICO law, so this is charged as active gang participation.

Sentence enhancement for a felony committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal street gang, with specific intent to promote gang conduct. Adds 2 to 10 years (more for violent or serious felonies).

Soliciting or recruiting another person to actively participate in a criminal street gang, with intent that they commit a pattern of gang activity or promote felonies by gang members. Wobbler.

Knowingly supplying, selling or giving possession of a firearm to another person for use in a felony committed for the benefit of a criminal street gang. Wobbler.

Unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought (express intent to kill, or implied malice from a conscious disregard for life). Degree is set by PC 189.

Knowingly possessing a destructive device (bomb, grenade, explosive missile, rocket or rocket launcher with an explosive or incendiary charge, mine, etc.) without a permit. Wobbler.

Recklessly or maliciously possessing a destructive device or explosive on a public street or highway, near a public building, school, church or residence, aboard an aircraft or bus, or in any other public place ordinarily open to people. Felony.

Selling, offering for sale, or knowingly transporting a destructive device without a permit. Wobbler.

Possessing, exploding or igniting (or attempting to explode or ignite) any explosive or destructive device with intent to injure, intimidate or terrify any person, or to wrongfully damage or destroy property. 3, 5 or 7 years.

Exploding or igniting, or attempting to explode or ignite, any destructive device or explosive with intent to commit murder. Life with parole.

Willfully and maliciously exploding or igniting a destructive device or explosive that causes bodily injury to any person. Felony: 5, 7 or 9 years.

Murder (unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought, PC 187(a)) that is willful, deliberate and premeditated; or committed by bomb, poison, lying in wait or torture; or committed during an enumerated felony such as arson, robbery, carjacking, kidnapping, burglary or rape (felony murder). 25 years to life, LWOP or death.

A killing committed during the commission or attempted commission of arson (PC 451); first degree murder under the felony-murder rule for the actual killer or a major participant acting with reckless indifference.

Murder (unlawful killing with express or implied malice) that does not qualify as first degree, e.g. an intentional but unpremeditated killing, or a death caused by an intentional act dangerous to life done with conscious disregard for life. 15 years to life.

Special circumstance: intentional murder of a peace officer killed while performing their duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim was a peace officer. Punishable by death or life without parole.

Killing a person without malice while driving in violation of VC 23140, 23152 or 23153 (DUI), where the driver also committed an unlawful act or negligent lawful act with gross negligence that caused the death. 4, 6 or 10 years.

Killing a person without malice while driving under the influence (VC 23140/23152/23153) and committing an unlawful or negligent act without gross negligence. Wobbler; 2 DMV points.

Unlawful killing of a human being without malice, committed upon a sudden quarrel or in the heat of passion caused by adequate provocation, or in an honest but unreasonable belief in the need to defend oneself (imperfect self-defense). 3, 6 or 11 years.

Unlawful killing without malice or intent to kill, committed during an unlawful act not amounting to a felony, or during a lawful act done with criminal negligence (without due caution and circumspection). Does not apply to driving a vehicle (see PC 192(c)).

Furnishing a controlled substance that causes another person's death, charged as involuntary manslaughter (or second degree murder if implied malice is shown). California has no specific drug-induced homicide statute.

Killing a person while driving a vehicle in the commission of an unlawful act not amounting to a felony, or a lawful act that might produce death, with gross negligence. Wobbler; without gross negligence it is PC 192(c)(2), a misdemeanor.

Killing a person while driving in the commission of an unlawful act not amounting to a felony, or a lawful act that might produce death, with ordinary (not gross) negligence. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year; 2 DMV points.

Unlawfully and maliciously depriving a person of a body part, or disabling, disfiguring or rendering it useless; cutting or disabling the tongue; putting out an eye; or slitting the nose, ear or lip. 2, 4 or 8 years.

Inflicting great bodily injury on another person with the intent to cause cruel or extreme pain and suffering, for revenge, extortion, persuasion or any sadistic purpose. The victim need not actually suffer pain. Life with parole.

Forcibly, or by instilling reasonable fear, stealing, taking, holding, detaining or arresting a person and moving them a substantial distance without their consent. 3, 5 or 8 years.

Seizing, confining, kidnapping or carrying away a person by any means, with intent to hold or detain them for ransom, reward, extortion or to exact money or anything of value. Life with parole (LWOP if the victim dies or suffers bodily harm).

Kidnapping or carrying away a person to commit robbery, rape, oral copulation, sodomy or another listed sex offense, where the movement substantially increases the risk of harm. Life with parole.

Kidnapping another person during a carjacking, or to facilitate one, moving the victim beyond the immediate area. Life with parole.

Committing felony false imprisonment (by violence, menace, fraud or deceit) to protect oneself from imminent arrest, or to use the person as a shield. 3, 5 or 8 years.

Felonious taking of personal property in another's possession, from their person or immediate presence and against their will, accomplished by force or fear. Degree set by PC 212.5.

Robbery (PC 211) in which the defendant personally used a firearm; the PC 12022.53(b) enhancement adds 10 years. If a non-firearm deadly weapon was used, charge PC 211 with the PC 12022(b)(1) enhancement instead.

Robbery committed in an inhabited dwelling, vessel or trailer coach; against an on-duty bus, taxi, cable car or transit operator or passenger; or against a person using, or who has just used, an ATM. 3, 4 or 6 years (3, 6 or 9 years in concert in a dwelling).

All robbery not defined as first degree, such as a robbery of a store, bank or other business, or a street robbery. 2, 3 or 5 years.

Carrying concealed on one's person any dirk or dagger, meaning a knife or stabbing instrument that can readily be used to inflict great bodily injury or death. Wobbler.

Taking a motor vehicle in another's possession, from their person or immediate presence (or a passenger's), against their will and with intent to permanently or temporarily deprive them of it, by means of force or fear. 3, 5 or 9 years.

Carrying a switchblade knife with a blade of 2 inches or longer on one's person or in the passenger area of a vehicle in a public place, or selling, giving or transferring one. Misdemeanor.

Manufacturing, importing, selling, giving, lending or possessing metal knuckles (brass knuckles), including hard-plastic or composite versions. Wobbler.

Assault committed with the specific intent to commit mayhem, rape, sodomy, oral copulation or another listed sex offense. 2, 4 or 6 years.

Manufacturing, importing, keeping for sale, giving, lending or possessing a leaded cane, billy club, blackjack, sandbag, sandclub, sap or slungshot. Wobbler.

Manufacturing, importing, keeping for sale, offering for sale, giving or lending a billy club, blackjack, sap, sandbag or slungshot. Wobbler.

Unlawfully violating another person's liberty by intentionally restraining, confining or detaining them, or compelling them to stay or go somewhere, without their consent or legal authority. A misdemeanor unless done by violence, menace, fraud or deceit (see PC 237(a)).

False imprisonment (PC 236) accomplished by violence, menace, fraud or deceit. Wobbler: 16 months, 2 or 3 years.

Changing, altering, removing or obliterating the name of the maker, model, manufacturer's number or other identification mark on any firearm. Felony.

Knowingly buying, receiving, selling or possessing a firearm whose maker name, model, serial number or other identification mark has been changed, altered, removed or obliterated, or (since 2024) that has no valid serial number. Misdemeanor.

An unlawful attempt, coupled with a present ability, to commit a violent injury (any harmful or offensive touching) on another person. No contact or injury is required. California treats assault as an attempted battery, so attempted assault or attempted battery is charged here. Punished under PC 241(a).

Assault (PC 240) on a peace officer, firefighter, EMT, paramedic, lifeguard or other listed emergency worker engaged in their duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim's status. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

Any willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another, however slight; no injury is required. Punished under PC 243(a).

Battery on a peace officer, custodial officer, firefighter, EMT, lifeguard or other listed worker engaged in their duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim's status. No injury required. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

Battery causing injury requiring medical treatment on a custodial officer, firefighter, EMT, lifeguard, security officer or other listed worker (not a peace officer) engaged in their duties. Wobbler.

Battery on a peace officer engaged in their duties that causes an injury requiring professional medical treatment, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim was an officer. Wobbler.

Battery that inflicts serious bodily injury on the victim, such as loss of consciousness, a concussion, a bone fracture, or a wound requiring extensive suturing. Wobbler.

Battery (any willful and unlawful use of force) against a spouse, former spouse, cohabitant, fiancé(e), dating partner, former dating partner or co-parent. No injury required. Misdemeanor.

Battery committed by any person on a custodial officer (jail deputy or corrections officer) performing their duties, where the defendant knew or should have known the victim's status. Felony.

Battery against the operator, driver or passenger of a bus, taxi, streetcar or rail system, or a station agent or ticket agent. Misdemeanor (a wobbler with injury).

Willfully and maliciously placing or throwing (or causing to be thrown) acid, a caustic chemical or a flammable substance on another person with intent to injure or disfigure them. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Assault on another person with a stun gun or taser. Wobbler (PC 244.5(c): felony when committed on a peace officer or firefighter).

Assault on another person with a deadly weapon or instrument other than a firearm, meaning any object used in a way capable of causing great bodily injury or death. Wobbler.

Assault on another person with a firearm, for example pointing or firing a gun at someone with the present ability to injure them. Wobbler, usually charged as a felony.

Assault on another person with a machine gun, assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle. Felony: 4, 8 or 12 years.

Assault without a weapon (fists, feet, body weight, etc.) using force likely to produce great bodily injury; no actual injury required. California's 'aggravated assault'. Wobbler.

Assault on another person with a semiautomatic firearm. Felony: 3, 6 or 9 years.

Assault with a deadly weapon (other than a firearm) or by force likely to produce great bodily injury on a peace officer or firefighter engaged in their duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim's status. 3, 4 or 5 years.

Assault with a firearm on a peace officer or firefighter performing their duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim's status. Felony: 4, 6 or 8 years.

Willfully and maliciously firing a gun at an inhabited dwelling, house, occupied building, occupied vehicle or aircraft, or inhabited housecar or camper. Wobbler, usually a felony: 3, 5 or 7 years.

Willfully discharging a firearm (or BB device) in a grossly negligent manner that could result in injury or death to a person. Wobbler.

Willfully discharging a BB device (BB, pellet or airsoft gun) in a grossly negligent manner that could result in injury or death to a person. Misdemeanor.

Willfully and maliciously discharging a laser at an aircraft, whether in motion or in flight, while it is occupied. Wobbler.

Keeping a loaded firearm where a child is likely to gain access, where the child obtains it and causes death or great bodily injury to themselves or another. Wobbler (lesser versions are misdemeanors).

Carrying a pistol, revolver or other concealable firearm concealed within a vehicle that is under one's control or direction, without a valid CCW license. Wobbler.

Carrying a pistol, revolver or other firearm capable of being concealed, concealed on one's person, without a valid CCW license. Wobbler (a felony if stolen, with priors, or by a prohibited person).

Carrying a loaded firearm on one's person or in a vehicle while in any public place or on a public street in an incorporated city (or a prohibited area of unincorporated territory), without a license. Wobbler.

Willfully and maliciously discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle at another person who is not an occupant of that vehicle. Felony: 3, 5 or 7 years.

Willfully and maliciously discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle (not at a person). Wobbler.

Openly carrying an exposed, unloaded handgun outside a vehicle in a public place or on a public street in an incorporated city (or a prohibited area of unincorporated territory). Misdemeanor.

Carrying an unloaded rifle or shotgun outside a vehicle in an incorporated city or a prohibited area of unincorporated territory. Misdemeanor.

Selling, leasing or transferring firearms without a firearms dealer license, outside the listed exemptions (e.g. private-party transfers processed through a licensed dealer). Misdemeanor.

Knowing another person is a prostitute, living or deriving support from their prostitution earnings, or soliciting or receiving compensation for soliciting for them. Felony: 3, 4 or 6 years.

A parent willfully failing, without lawful excuse, to provide necessary clothing, food, shelter, medical attendance or other remedial care for their minor child. Misdemeanor.

Committing an act, or failing to perform a duty, that causes or encourages a minor to come under juvenile court jurisdiction (e.g. truancy, drug use, running away, crime). Misdemeanor.

Willfully inflicting corporal injury resulting in a traumatic condition (any wound or injury, however minor) on a current or former spouse, cohabitant, dating partner or co-parent. Wobbler.

Intentionally and knowingly violating a domestic violence, elder abuse, civil harassment or other listed protective or restraining order issued by a court. Misdemeanor; a wobbler with injury or priors.

Under circumstances likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully causing or permitting a child to suffer unjustifiable pain or mental suffering, or, as a caretaker, permitting the child's health to be endangered. Wobbler.

Willfully causing or permitting a child to suffer unjustifiable pain or mental suffering, or endangering the child's person or health, under circumstances not likely to produce great bodily harm or death. Misdemeanor.

Willfully inflicting cruel or inhuman corporal punishment, or an injury resulting in a traumatic condition, on a child. Wobbler.

Selling, supplying, delivering or giving possession of a firearm to a person one knows, or has cause to believe, is prohibited from owning or possessing firearms. Felony.

Transferring a firearm between two private parties who are not licensed dealers without completing the sale, loan or transfer through a licensed dealer, background check and waiting period. Misdemeanor.

Manufacturing or assembling a firearm (including from an 80% receiver or by 3D printing) without first applying to DOJ for, and engraving, a unique serial number. Misdemeanor.

A person under 18 possessing a pistol, revolver or other concealable firearm, or under 18 possessing a semiautomatic centerfire rifle, except in listed supervised situations. Wobbler.

Owning, purchasing, receiving, possessing or controlling a firearm by a person convicted of a felony, addicted to narcotics, or otherwise prohibited by law. Felony: 16 months, 2 or 3 years.

Purchasing, receiving or possessing a firearm or ammunition while subject to a protective or restraining order that prohibits it, knowing of the order. Wobbler.

Not a new crime: an arrest and revocation proceeding when a parolee or PRCS supervisee violates conditions of supervision (missed check-ins, prohibited items, new offense). Sanctions are typically flash incarceration or revocation.

Owning, possessing or controlling any ammunition or reloaded ammunition by a person prohibited from owning or possessing a firearm. Wobbler.

Knowingly possessing any handgun ammunition designed primarily to penetrate metal or armor. Felony.

Manufacturing, distributing, transporting, importing, selling, giving or lending any assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle in California, except as authorized. Felony: 4, 6 or 8 years.

Possessing any assault weapon (as defined in PC 30510/30515) that is not registered or otherwise exempt. Wobbler.

Knowingly or under circumstances where one should know, selling, giving or furnishing tobacco products, e-cigarettes or vaping devices to a person under 21. Misdemeanor or civil penalty.

Liability rule, not a standalone crime: everyone who directly commits a crime, or knowingly aids, abets, encourages or advises its commission with intent to help, is a principal and is charged with the underlying offense.

Willfully and lewdly exposing one's genitals in a public place or anywhere others are present who may be offended or annoyed, with intent to direct attention to them for sexual gratification or to offend. Misdemeanor; sex-offender registration required.

Harboring, concealing or aiding a principal after a felony has been committed, knowing they committed the felony, with intent that they avoid or escape arrest, trial, conviction or punishment. Wobbler; the same charge applies whatever the underlying felony.

Harboring, concealing or aiding a person who committed murder, knowing of the killing, intending that they avoid arrest or prosecution (e.g. hiding the shooter or the weapon). Wobbler. A person who helped before or during the killing is a principal (PC 31).

Knowingly harboring, concealing or aiding a person who committed first degree murder, intending that they escape arrest or prosecution. Wobbler.

Knowingly harboring, concealing or aiding a person who committed second degree murder, intending that they escape arrest or prosecution. Wobbler.

Knowingly harboring, concealing or aiding a person who murdered a peace officer, intending that they escape arrest or prosecution. Wobbler.

Knowingly harboring, concealing or aiding a person who committed kidnapping, intending that they escape arrest or prosecution. Wobbler.

Knowingly harboring, concealing or aiding a person who held a hostage (PC 210.5), intending that they escape arrest or prosecution. Wobbler.

Harboring, concealing or aiding a person who committed robbery, knowing of the crime, intending that they avoid arrest, trial, conviction or punishment. Wobbler.

Harboring, concealing or aiding a person who committed an armed robbery, knowing of the crime, intending that they escape arrest or prosecution. Wobbler (accessories do not receive the firearm enhancement).

Harboring, concealing or aiding a person who committed burglary, knowing of the crime, intending that they avoid arrest, trial, conviction or punishment. Wobbler.

Contriving, preparing, setting up, proposing or drawing a lottery (a prize distributed by chance for consideration) not authorized by law. Misdemeanor. Lottery fraud is usually charged as theft by false pretenses.

Manufacturing, importing, keeping for sale, offering for sale, giving, lending, buying or receiving any magazine capable of holding more than 10 rounds. Wobbler.

Possessing or knowingly transporting a machine gun (any weapon that fires, or can readily be restored to fire, automatically more than one shot per trigger function) without a DOJ permit. Felony.

Dealing, playing, carrying on, opening or conducting, or betting at, any banking or percentage game played with cards, dice or any device for money or anything of value (e.g. illegal blackjack or roulette), or a listed prohibited game. Misdemeanor.

Manufacturing, owning, storing, possessing, selling, renting or transporting any slot machine or device, or permitting one to be placed on one's premises, except as allowed by law (e.g. antiques). Misdemeanor.

As an owner, lessee or person in control of a house, room or other premises, knowingly permitting it to be used for illegal gambling games prohibited by PC 330. Misdemeanor.

Winning or obtaining money or property by fraudulent means at any game, such as three-card monte, the shell game, rigged dice or marked cards. Punished as theft by value.

Manufacturing, importing, keeping for sale, giving, lending or possessing a short-barreled rifle (barrel under 16 in.) or short-barreled shotgun (barrel under 18 in.), or overall length under 26 in., without a permit. Wobbler.

Possessing, manufacturing, selling or lending a shotgun with a barrel under 18 inches or overall length under 26 inches, without a permit. Wobbler.

Possessing a silencer (suppressor), meaning any device or attachment designed to muffle a firearm's report, without legal authority. Felony.

Pool selling or bookmaking (accepting or recording bets on sporting events, races or other contests), with or without writing, at any time or place. Wobbler.

Willfully mingling poison or a harmful substance with food, drink, medicine or a water supply, knowing or having reason to know it may be consumed by a person to their injury. Felony: 2, 4 or 5 years.

Willfully manufacturing, intentionally selling or knowingly possessing for sale goods bearing a counterfeit registered trademark, where there are fewer than 1,000 items with a total value under $950. Misdemeanor.

Willfully manufacturing, intentionally selling or knowingly possessing for sale goods bearing a counterfeit registered trademark, where there are 1,000 or more items or the total value exceeds $950. Wobbler.

Under circumstances likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully causing or permitting an elder (65+) or dependent adult to suffer unjustifiable pain or mental suffering, or endangering their health. Wobbler.

Willfully causing or permitting an elder or dependent adult to suffer unjustifiable pain or mental suffering, or endangering their health, under circumstances not likely to produce great bodily harm or death. Misdemeanor.

Theft, embezzlement, forgery, fraud or identity theft against an elder or dependent adult by a non-caretaker who knew or reasonably should have known the victim's status. Wobbler if over $950; otherwise a misdemeanor.

Theft, embezzlement, forgery or fraud committed against an elder or dependent adult by their caretaker. Wobbler if over $950.

Entering or remaining on railroad property, tracks, yards or structures without permission, with intent to interfere with or endanger rail operations (or after being told to leave). Misdemeanor.

Levying war against the State of California, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort, proven by the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or by confession in open court. Death or life without parole.

Maintaining or committing a public nuisance (anything injurious to health, indecent, offensive or obstructing the free use of property that affects a whole community or neighborhood), or willfully failing to remove one. Misdemeanor.

Dumping, or causing to be dumped, waste matter on any public or private highway or road (including shoulders), or on private property without consent. Misdemeanor or infraction; commercial-quantity dumping is a misdemeanor (PC 374.3(h)).

Littering, or causing or permitting litter to be thrown, on public or private property (highways, parks, beaches, waters, etc.) without the owner's consent. Infraction ($250 to $1,000 fines).

Littering, or causing or permitting litter to be thrown, on public or private property or waters, including bays, lagoons, beaches, rivers or canals. Misdemeanor or infraction.

Knowingly causing any hazardous substance to be deposited into or upon any road, street, highway, alley, railroad right-of-way, land or water. Wobbler.

Shooting any firearm from or upon a public road or highway. Misdemeanor.

Throwing, depositing or releasing a stink bomb, tear gas or other noxious or nauseous substance (in a theater, restaurant, store or any place of public assembly) to annoy or injure people. Misdemeanor.

An owner who knows an animal has mischievous propensities and allows it to go at large, or fails to keep it under control, where it bites or attacks a person and causes serious bodily injury. Wobbler (PC 399(a) covers death).

Owning or having custody of a dog trained to fight, attack or kill, knowing its vicious propensities, and failing to exercise ordinary care, where the dog bites a person on two separate occasions or causes substantial injury without provocation. Wobbler.

Deliberately aiding, advising or encouraging another person to die by suicide. Felony.

Going to or stopping at the scene of an emergency to view it or its aftermath, and in doing so impeding police, firefighters, EMS or other emergency personnel or their vehicles. Misdemeanor.

Without authority of law, willfully disturbing or breaking up any lawful assembly or meeting that is not religious or political in character. Misdemeanor.

Use of force or violence, disturbing the public peace, or a threat to use force or violence with the immediate power to carry it out, by two or more persons acting together without authority of law (PC 404(a)); punished under PC 405. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

With intent to cause a riot, urging a riot, or urging others to commit acts of force or violence or to burn or destroy property, at a time and place and under circumstances that produce a clear and present danger of such acts. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

Participating in a gathering of two or more persons assembled to do an unlawful act, or to do a lawful act in a violent, boisterous or tumultuous manner (PC 407). Misdemeanor.

Remaining present at the place of a riot, rout or unlawful assembly after it has been lawfully warned to disperse, other than as a public officer or a person assisting them. Misdemeanor.

Willfully and knowingly entering, or remaining in, an area closed by police or other officials because of a disaster (fire, flood, explosion, riot) or for public safety. Misdemeanor.

Unlawfully fighting in a public place, or challenging another person in a public place to fight. Misdemeanor or infraction (wobblette). California's general 'disorderly conduct' charges are found in PC 415 and PC 647.

Maliciously and willfully disturbing another person by loud and unreasonable noise. Misdemeanor or infraction (wobblette).

Using offensive words in a public place that are inherently likely to provoke an immediate violent reaction (fighting words). Misdemeanor or infraction (wobblette).

Unlawfully fighting, challenging another to fight, making loud and unreasonable noise, or using offensive words on school or college grounds or buildings, by a non-student or non-employee. Misdemeanor.

In the presence of another person, drawing or exhibiting a deadly weapon other than a firearm in a rude, angry or threatening manner, or unlawfully using it in a fight or quarrel, other than in self-defense. Misdemeanor.

In the presence of another person, drawing or exhibiting a firearm (loaded or unloaded) in a rude, angry or threatening manner, or unlawfully using it in a fight or quarrel, other than in self-defense. Misdemeanor, 3 months to 1 year.

Drawing or exhibiting a firearm in a threatening manner in the immediate presence of a peace officer performing their duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim was an officer. Wobbler.

Aiming or pointing a laser scope or laser pointer at a peace officer, firefighter or other listed emergency worker, knowing their status, with intent to cause fear. Misdemeanor.

Drawing or exhibiting a firearm in a threatening manner at another person in an occupied motor vehicle on a public street or highway, in a way that would cause a reasonable person to fear bodily harm. Felony.

Drawing or exhibiting an imitation firearm (replica, BB or airsoft gun) in a threatening manner against another person, causing them to fear bodily harm. Misdemeanor.

Drawing or exhibiting a firearm or other deadly weapon with intent to resist or prevent the arrest or detention of oneself or another by a peace officer. Felony.

Willfully threatening to commit a crime that would result in death or great bodily injury, with specific intent that the statement be taken as a threat, where the threat is unequivocal and immediate and causes the victim sustained, reasonable fear for their or their family's safety. Wobbler.

By force or threat of force, willfully injuring, intimidating, interfering with or threatening another person's exercise of constitutional rights because of their actual or perceived race, religion, sexual orientation or other protected characteristic. Misdemeanor.

A public officer or person charged with receiving, keeping or disbursing public money, without authority, appropriating it to their own or another's use, or knowingly keeping false accounts. Felony.

Assault on any person (including a correctional officer) with a deadly weapon, committed by a person confined in a state prison. Assault by force likely to produce great bodily injury is PC 4501(b). For assaults by county jail inmates, charge PC 241(c) or 245.

Battery committed by a person confined in a state prison on any person who is not a prisoner, such as a correctional officer or staff member. Felony; the sentence runs consecutively.

Willfully and maliciously setting fire to or burning (or aiding, counseling or procuring the burning of) any structure, forest land or property, where the fire causes great bodily injury to any person. 5, 7 or 9 years.

Willfully and maliciously setting fire to or burning an inhabited structure or inhabited property (one currently used as a dwelling, whether or not anyone is present). 3, 5 or 8 years.

Willfully and maliciously setting fire to or burning an uninhabited structure or forest land. 2, 4 or 6 years.

Willfully and maliciously setting fire to or burning forest land (brush-covered or timber land). 2, 4 or 6 years.

Willfully and maliciously setting fire to or burning personal property, such as a vehicle. Burning one's own property is arson only if done to defraud or if it injures someone else's property. 16 months, 2 or 3 years.

Arson committed with intent to cause injury or damage under circumstances showing extreme indifference to life, where the defendant has a prior arson conviction, the fire causes over $10.1 million in damage, or it destroys 5 or more inhabited structures. 10 years to life.

Recklessly setting fire to, burning, or causing the burning of a structure, forest land or property, causing great bodily injury to any person. Wobbler.

Recklessly setting fire to, burning, or causing the burning of an inhabited structure or inhabited property. Wobbler.

Recklessly setting fire to, burning, or causing the burning of a structure or forest land. Wobbler. Recklessness, not malice, distinguishes this from arson.

Recklessly setting fire to, burning, or causing the burning of personal property (including the defendant's own property). Misdemeanor, up to 6 months.

Possessing, manufacturing or disposing of any flammable, explosive or combustible material or incendiary device in an arrangement or preparation with willful and malicious intent to set fire to or burn property. Wobbler.

Possessing, manufacturing or disposing of a fire bomb (e.g. a Molotov cocktail): a breakable container of flammable liquid (flashpoint of 150°F or less) with a wick or similar ignition device. Wobbler.

A prisoner confined in a state prison escaping, or attempting to escape, without force or violence (PC 4530(a) covers force or violence). Felony, consecutive.

Escaping or attempting to escape from a county jail, industrial farm or officer's custody by a person arrested, charged or convicted of a misdemeanor. Wobbler.

A person arrested, charged or convicted of a felony who escapes or attempts to escape from a county jail, industrial farm or other place of confinement, or from an officer's custody while in transit. Felony.

An attempt by a person arrested, charged or convicted of a felony to escape from a county jail, industrial farm or officer's custody; PC 4532(b)(1) punishes attempts the same as completed escapes.

Escape or attempted escape from county jail or custody (PC 4532(b)) accomplished by force or violence. Felony: 2, 4 or 6 years, consecutive.

Willfully assisting a prisoner lawfully confined in jail or in the lawful custody of an officer to escape, or to attempt to escape. Felony (misdemeanor if the prisoner was held on a misdemeanor).

Willfully and maliciously attempting to set fire to or burn any structure, forest land or property, or placing flammable or combustible material near it in preparation for burning it. 16 months, 2 or 3 years.

Without permission of the officer in charge, communicating with a prisoner in a jail or prison, or bringing them any letter, message or item (e.g. passing notes through a fence). Misdemeanor.

Knowingly bringing or sending a controlled substance, or a device for injecting or smoking it, into a state prison, county jail, camp or other detention facility, or onto its grounds, without authorization. Felony.

Knowingly possessing a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia, without authorization, anywhere within a state prison, county jail, camp or other detention facility or on its grounds. Felony.

Knowingly bringing or sending a firearm, deadly weapon or explosive into a detention facility, or onto its grounds, or helping a prisoner obtain one, without authorization. Felony.

Possession of a cell phone, pager or other wireless communication device without authorization by any person in a local correctional facility. Misdemeanor, fine up to $1,000.

Possessing a cell phone or other wireless device with intent to deliver it to an inmate, or delivering it to an inmate, in a state prison or local correctional facility. Misdemeanor (fine up to $5,000 per device).

Entering a house, room, shop, store, warehouse, locked vehicle or other listed structure with intent to commit grand or petty theft or any felony inside. The degree is set by PC 460.

Entering an open commercial establishment during regular business hours with intent to commit larceny, where the property taken or intended to be taken is worth $950 or less. Misdemeanor (Prop 47).

Burglary of an inhabited dwelling house, vessel, trailer coach or the inhabited part of any other building. Felony: 2, 4 or 6 years; a strike.

All other burglary, such as entering a commercial building or a locked vehicle with intent to steal or commit a felony. Wobbler.

Entering a building with intent to commit a crime and opening or attempting to open a vault, safe or other secure place using an acetylene torch, electric arc, burning bar, thermal lance, oxygen lance, similar device or explosives. 3, 5 or 7 years.

Possessing a picklock, crowbar, slide hammer, ceramic or porcelain spark plug chips, bump key, tension bar or other listed burglary tool, with felonious intent to break or enter a building, railroad car, aircraft, vessel or vehicle. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly and willfully selling or providing a lock pick, tension bar, lock pick gun, tubular lock pick or floor-safe door puller without recording the buyer's name, address, phone number, date of sale and items sold. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly possessing, using or selling a motor vehicle master key, wheel lock master key or similar device with intent to use it to commit a crime. Misdemeanor.

With intent to defraud, knowing one has no authority to do so, signing the name of another person or a fictitious person to any document or instrument (checks, contracts, receipts, etc.). Wobbler; a misdemeanor if $950 or less.

With intent to defraud, falsely making, altering, forging or counterfeiting, or passing as genuine, a check, bond, bank bill, note, money order, contract, deed or other listed document. Wobbler; a misdemeanor if $950 or less.

Altering, falsifying, forging, duplicating or reproducing a driver's license or government ID card, or counterfeiting the DMV seal, with intent that it be used to commit forgery. Wobbler.

With intent to defraud, forging or counterfeiting the seal of the state, a court, a public officer or a corporation, or knowingly possessing or using such a counterfeit seal. Wobbler.

Possessing or receiving a forged, altered or counterfeit bank bill, note, check, money order, traveler's check or other instrument, knowing it is forged, with intent to pass it and defraud. Wobbler.

Making, passing, uttering or publishing, or possessing with intent to pass, a fictitious or altered bill, note or check that purports to be genuine, with intent to defraud. Wobbler.

Willfully and with intent to defraud, writing or delivering a check, draft or order knowing there are insufficient funds or credit to cover it. Wobbler if over $950; otherwise a misdemeanor.

Making, or knowingly possessing, any die, plate, apparatus, paper, metal or machine used for counterfeiting coin, bank notes or bills, or gold or silver bullion, or making counterfeit coin or bills. Felony.

Knowingly and designedly obtaining money, property or labor from another by a false or fraudulent representation or pretense that the victim relied on. Petty or grand theft depending on value.

Acquiring or keeping another person's access card account information (credit or debit card number, PIN, etc.) without the cardholder's or issuer's consent, with intent to use it fraudulently. Grand theft (wobbler).

With intent to defraud, using a forged, expired, revoked, stolen or unauthorized access card or card account information to obtain money, goods, services or anything of value. Wobbler if over $950 in 6 months.

Finding lost property, knowing or having the means to learn who the owner is, and appropriating it for one's own use without first making a reasonable, just effort to find the owner. Theft by value.

Theft of money, labor or property worth more than $950 (or of certain farm crops or seafood worth over $250). Wobbler.

An employee or agent stealing money, labor or property worth $950 or more from their employer in any consecutive 12-month period. Wobbler.

Theft of property of any value taken directly from the victim's person without force or fear, such as pickpocketing or purse snatching. Wobbler.

Theft of a motor vehicle, regardless of its value, with intent to permanently deprive the owner of it. Wobbler.

Theft of a motor vehicle (PC 487(d)(1)) while armed with a firearm (PC 12022(a)(1), +1 year). If force or fear is used to take the car from a person, charge carjacking (PC 215).

Theft of any firearm, regardless of value. Felony: 16 months, 2 or 3 years.

Stealing, or killing with intent to steal, any horse, mare, gelding, cow, steer, bull, calf, mule, jack, jenny, goat, sheep, lamb, hog, sow, boar, gilt, barrow or pig belonging to another, regardless of value. Wobbler.

Stealing, taking or carrying away cargo of another worth more than $950. Cargo means goods moving in commerce (by truck, trailer, rail, ship or aircraft) from the point of origin to final destination. Wobbler.

Stealing copper wire, cable, pipe or other copper materials worth more than $950 (often from construction sites, utilities or vacant buildings). Wobbler.

Theft (PC 484: taking another's property with intent to permanently deprive them of it) of money, labor or property worth $950 or less. Misdemeanor, up to 6 months.

Stealing property worth $950 or less from inside or on an unlocked vehicle. Entering a locked vehicle to steal is burglary (PC 459/460(b)).

Acting in concert with others (or recruiting, directing or receiving goods for others) to steal merchandise from one or more merchants with intent to sell, exchange or return it for value. Wobbler.

Buying, receiving, concealing, selling or withholding property known to be stolen or obtained by extortion, or helping to do so. Misdemeanor if worth $950 or less; otherwise a wobbler. Charged as a felony when the property is a firearm.

Buying, receiving, concealing, selling or withholding a firearm knowing it was stolen. A felony regardless of value (PC 496(a), 490.2(c)).

Buying, receiving, concealing or withholding property belonging to a government agency (equipment, uniforms, radios, etc.) knowing it was stolen. Wobbler if over $950.

Buying, receiving, concealing, selling or withholding stolen property worth more than $950, knowing it was stolen. Wobbler.

Buying, receiving, concealing, selling or withholding motor vehicle parts knowing they were stolen. Wobbler if over $950. Stripping stolen cars for parts is a chop shop (VC 10801).

Buying, receiving, concealing, selling or withholding a motor vehicle, trailer, special construction equipment or vessel, knowing it was stolen or obtained by theft or extortion. Wobbler.

Obtaining gas, electricity or water with intent to avoid paying, by tampering with, diverting or bypassing a utility meter or connecting without authorization. Misdemeanor; a wobbler if the value exceeds $950 or with a prior.

Operating, taking, stealing, or knowingly and willfully tampering with an aircraft, with or without intent to steal, without the owner's or person in charge's permission. Wobbler.

Knowingly accessing and, without permission, altering, damaging, deleting or otherwise using any data, computer, system or network to devise or execute a scheme to defraud or deceive, or to wrongfully control or obtain money, property or data. Wobbler.

Knowingly accessing and, without permission, taking, copying or using any data from a computer, system or network, or taking supporting documentation. Wobbler.

Knowingly and without permission using, or causing to be used, computer services (e.g. another person's network, cloud account or paid service). Misdemeanor (a wobbler if the value exceeds $950).

Knowingly accessing and, without permission, adding, altering, damaging, deleting or destroying any data, software or program residing in a computer, system or network. Wobbler.

Knowingly and without permission disrupting, or causing the disruption of, computer services, or denying (or causing the denial of) computer services to an authorized user, e.g. a DDoS attack. Wobbler.

Knowingly and without permission providing, or helping to provide, a means of accessing a computer, system or network in violation of PC 502 (e.g. selling stolen passwords or access tools). Misdemeanor.

Knowingly and without permission accessing, or causing to be accessed, any computer, computer system, network or online account. First offense with no injury is an infraction; otherwise a misdemeanor.

Knowingly introducing any computer contaminant (virus, worm, trojan or other malware) into a computer, system or network. Wobbler.

Knowingly and without permission using the internet domain name or profile of another person, company or entity in connection with sending email or messages, causing damage. Misdemeanor.

Fraudulently appropriating property by a person to whom it was entrusted, such as an employee, agent, trustee or officer. Punished as theft: grand theft (wobbler) if over $950.

A public officer, deputy or employee fraudulently appropriating public or private property in their possession by virtue of their office. Punished as theft (wobbler if over $950).

Obtaining property or other consideration from another with their consent, or obtaining an official act of a public officer, induced by wrongful use of force or fear, or under color of official right. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

With intent to extort property or other consideration, sending or delivering a letter or other writing (including electronic messages) expressing or implying a threat such as exposing a secret, accusing of a crime, or injuring the person or property. Punished as extortion.

Knowingly introducing ransomware into a computer, system or network with intent to extort money, property or anything of value (including demands for payment to restore access). Punished as extortion.

Attempting by means of a threat (of injury, accusation of a crime, exposing a secret, etc.) to extort money or property from another. Wobbler.

Using threats (of injury, exposing a secret, accusing of a crime, etc.) to try to force another person to give up property or act against their will. California has no general coercion statute, so this is charged as attempted extortion (or PC 422).

Knowingly and without consent credibly impersonating another actual person through a website or other electronic means (fake profiles, email, texts) in order to harm, intimidate, threaten or defraud another person. Misdemeanor.

Falsely impersonating another real person and, in that assumed character, doing an act that could make the impersonated person liable to a lawsuit, prosecution, charge or payment, or that benefits the impersonator. Wobbler.

Manufacturing, selling or offering for sale a document purporting to be a government-issued ID card or driver's license that is not one, and that could deceive an ordinary reasonable person. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly possessing a document purporting to be a government-issued ID card or driver's license that is not one, and that could deceive an ordinary reasonable person (a fake ID). Misdemeanor.

Willfully obtaining another person's personal identifying information (name, SSN, DOB, account numbers, etc.) and using it for any unlawful purpose, such as obtaining credit, goods, services or medical information, without consent. Wobbler.

Acquiring or keeping possession of another person's personal identifying information (including stolen ID cards or government-issued ID) with intent to defraud. Misdemeanor; a wobbler with a prior or if the information belongs to 10+ people.

With intent to defraud, selling, transferring or conveying the personal identifying information of another person. Wobbler.

Knowingly and designedly, by a false or fraudulent representation or pretense, defrauding another of money, labor or property, or obtaining credit or someone's signature. Punished as theft; a wobbler if over $950.

Using the mail as part of a scheme to obtain money or property by false pretenses. Mail fraud itself is federal (18 USC 1341), so the state charge is PC 532(a).

Knowingly making or causing a materially false written statement about one's own or another's financial condition or ability to pay, intending it to be relied on to obtain a loan, credit or property. Misdemeanor, or a wobbler if over $950.

Deliberately misstating, misrepresenting or omitting material information during the mortgage lending process (or using such information) with intent that a lender, borrower or other party rely on it. Wobbler.

Obtaining food, fuel, services or accommodations at a hotel, motel, inn, restaurant or similar business without paying, with intent to defraud the proprietor ('dine and dash'). Misdemeanor if $950 or less.

Knowingly buying, selling, receiving or possessing any personal property (electronics, tools, etc.) from which the manufacturer's serial number or other identification mark has been removed, defaced or altered. Misdemeanor (a wobbler if over $950).

Transmitting, or causing to be transmitted, any writing, sign, signal, picture or sound by wire, radio or television (phone, internet, text) as part of a scheme to defraud and obtain money or property by false pretenses. Punished as theft.

Willfully wearing, exhibiting or using the authorized uniform, insignia, emblem, device, label, certificate, card or writing of a peace officer, with intent to fraudulently impersonate a peace officer or to make others believe one is a peace officer. Misdemeanor.

Willfully wearing, exhibiting or using the badge of a peace officer with intent to fraudulently impersonate a peace officer or to deceive others into believing one is a peace officer. Misdemeanor.

Willfully wearing or using, or making, selling or giving to another, a badge, ID card or credential that falsely purports to be authorized for a peace officer, or that so resembles one that it would deceive an ordinary person. Misdemeanor.

Willfully wearing, exhibiting or using the authorized uniform, insignia, badge or credentials of a firefighter (or fire marshal), with intent to fraudulently impersonate one or to make others believe one is a firefighter. Misdemeanor.

Willfully injuring, destroying, hiding, abandoning or otherwise disposing of insured property with intent to defraud or prejudice the insurer (e.g. ditching a car to claim it stolen). Felony: 2, 3 or 5 years.

Knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment of a loss or injury, including under an insurance contract. Felony: 2, 3 or 5 years.

Knowingly causing or participating in a vehicular collision, or any other vehicular accident, for the purpose of presenting a false or fraudulent insurance claim. Felony: 2, 3 or 5 years.

Knowingly presenting a false or fraudulent claim for payment of a loss for theft, destruction, damage or conversion of a motor vehicle, motor vehicle part or contents. Felony: 2, 3 or 5 years.

Entering or remaining on posted industrial property (refineries, plants, rail or utility yards, etc.) without a written permit from the owner or agent. Misdemeanor.

Unlawfully and maliciously taking down, removing, injuring or obstructing a telegraph, telephone, cable TV or electrical line, or any of its components or equipment. Wobbler.

Unlawfully and maliciously removing, damaging, destroying or obstructing the use of any wireless communication device, intending to prevent its use to summon help or report a crime to police or another public safety agency. Misdemeanor.

Maliciously defacing with graffiti, damaging or destroying real or personal property not one's own (including government property), where the damage is $400 or more. Wobbler.

Maliciously defacing, damaging or destroying real or personal property not one's own, where the damage is under $400. Misdemeanor, up to 1 year.

Possessing a masonry or glass drill bit, carbide-tipped drill bit, glass cutter, grinding stone, awl, chisel, carbide scribe, aerosol paint, felt-tip marker or similar tool with intent to commit vandalism or graffiti. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly committing vandalism of a church, synagogue, mosque, temple, other place of worship or cemetery. Wobbler (a felony if committed as a hate crime).

Maliciously and intentionally maiming, mutilating, torturing, wounding or killing a living animal. Wobbler.

Overdriving, overloading, torturing, tormenting, cruelly beating or needlessly killing an animal, or depriving an animal in one's care of necessary food, water or shelter. Wobbler, usually a misdemeanor.

An owner who permits an animal to be in a building, enclosure or lot without proper care and attention (food, water, shelter, veterinary care), or who lets a sick or injured animal suffer. Misdemeanor.

Owning, possessing, keeping or training a dog with intent to have it fight another dog; causing dogs to fight for amusement or gain; or permitting dogfighting on one's premises. Felony. Cockfighting is charged under PC 597b.

Leaving or confining an animal in an unattended motor vehicle under conditions that endanger its health or well-being (heat, cold, lack of ventilation, food or water). Infraction for a first offense without injury; otherwise a misdemeanor.

Owning, possessing, keeping or training a bird or other animal with intent to use it in fighting, or causing animals other than dogs to fight for amusement or gain. Misdemeanor.

Willfully abandoning any animal. Misdemeanor.

Willfully and maliciously striking, beating, kicking, cutting, stabbing, shooting or throwing objects at a police animal or search-and-rescue dog performing its duties. Wobbler.

Making a credible threat to cause serious injury to someone and then, within 30 days, entering their residence, workplace or the curtilage of their home with intent to carry out the threat. Wobbler.

Entering another's land without the owner's consent with intent to damage property or property rights, or to interfere with, obstruct or injure any lawful business or occupation carried on there. Misdemeanor.

Entering and occupying, or driving a vehicle on, real property or structures belonging to another that are cultivated, fenced or posted against trespass, without the owner's permission. Misdemeanor.

Entering and occupying real property or structures of any kind without the consent of the owner, the owner's agent or the person in lawful possession (e.g. squatting). Misdemeanor.

Refusing or failing to leave land, a building or another structure not open to the public after being asked to leave by the owner, the owner's agent, or a peace officer acting at the owner's request. Misdemeanor.

Refusing or failing to leave a public building of a public agency during the hours it is regularly closed, after a request by a regularly employed guard, watchman or custodian of the agency. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly entering an airport operations area, passenger vessel terminal or public transit facility restricted area that is posted with notice of restricted access, without authorization. Misdemeanor.

Intentionally interfering with any lawful business open to the public by obstructing its operations or customers, and refusing to leave when asked by the owner, an agent or a peace officer. Misdemeanor.

Entering or remaining in another person's noncommercial dwelling house, apartment or other residence without the consent of the owner, the owner's agent or the occupant. Misdemeanor.

Willfully injuring, tampering with or removing parts from an aircraft, or setting it in motion, without the owner's consent. Misdemeanor (PC 625b(b): felony with intent to cause harm).

Bringing or possessing a dirk, dagger, ice pick, fixed-blade knife over 2.5 inches, folding locking knife, razor, taser or stun gun on K-12 school grounds without authorization. Wobbler.

Coming onto or remaining at a K-12 school without lawful business, or after being asked to leave, in a way that interferes with the peaceful conduct of school activities. Misdemeanor.

Possessing a firearm in a place one knows, or reasonably should know, is a school zone (on or within 1,000 feet of K-12 school grounds), without written permission or another exemption. Wobbler.

Intentionally tapping or making an unauthorized connection to any telephone or telegraph line or instrument, or willfully reading or learning the contents of a communication in transit without the consent of all parties. Wobbler.

Intentionally eavesdropping on or recording a confidential communication with an electronic amplifying or recording device, without the consent of all parties. Wobbler.

Without the sender's authorization, intercepting a public safety radio communication (by scanner or otherwise) to use it to commit a crime or avoid arrest, or tipping off a suspect about its contents. Misdemeanor.

Using an electronic tracking device (GPS tracker, AirTag) to determine the location or movement of another person without their consent. Misdemeanor.

Evading payment of a fare on a public transit system, or misusing a transfer, pass or ticket to evade a fare. Infraction (up to $250).

Defacing the facilities or vehicles of a government entity or public transit system with graffiti or other inscribed material, where cleanup costs are under $250. Infraction, plus mandatory community service; a misdemeanor with a prior.

Defacing any real or personal property not one's own with graffiti or other inscribed material, where the damage is under $250. Infraction; a misdemeanor with a prior. Larger amounts are charged as vandalism (PC 594).

An employee who solicits, accepts or agrees to accept money or anything of value from someone other than their employer, corruptly and without the employer's knowledge, in return for using their position for the benefit of the payer (or the person who offers it). Wobbler if over $1,000.

Willfully and maliciously following or harassing another person, in person or electronically, and making a credible threat with intent to place them in reasonable fear for their safety or their family's safety. Wobbler.

Stalking carried out through an electronic communication device (texts, social media, email, GPS tracking): willful and malicious harassment plus a credible threat placing the victim in reasonable fear for their safety. Wobbler.

Willfully and maliciously following or harassing a peace officer and making a credible threat with intent to place them in reasonable fear for their or their family's safety. General stalking statute; PC 76 if the officer is a listed official.

Stalking (PC 646.9(a)) committed while a temporary restraining order, injunction or other court order prohibiting the behavior is in effect against the defendant. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Soliciting anyone to engage in, or engaging in, lewd or dissolute conduct in a public place or any place open to the public or exposed to public view. Misdemeanor.

Soliciting, agreeing to engage in, or engaging in any act of prostitution (lewd conduct for money or other consideration), as either the provider or the customer. Misdemeanor.

Accosting other persons in a public place, or a place open to the public, for the purpose of begging or soliciting alms. Misdemeanor.

Lodging in any building, structure, vehicle or place, public or private, without the permission of the owner or person entitled to possession or control. Misdemeanor.

Being found in a public place under the influence of alcohol, drugs or a controlled substance to the degree that one cannot exercise care for one's own safety or the safety of others, or obstructs a street or sidewalk. Misdemeanor.

Being found fishing in a public place while so intoxicated by alcohol or drugs that one cannot care for one's own or others' safety. California has no intoxicated-fishing offense, so this is charged as public intoxication; use HNC 655(b) if operating a vessel.

Loitering, prowling or wandering on another's private property at any time without visible or lawful business with the owner or occupant. Misdemeanor.

While loitering, prowling or wandering on another's private property, peeking in the door or window of an inhabited building or structure without visible or lawful business with the owner or occupant. Misdemeanor.

Using a concealed camera or recording device to secretly record another identifiable person under or through their clothing, or in a bathroom, changing room or similar private area, to view their body without consent. Misdemeanor.

Willfully and maliciously obstructing the free movement of any person on a street, sidewalk or other public place, or in or about a public building. Misdemeanor.

With intent to place another person in reasonable fear for their safety, electronically distributing or posting their personal identifying information or images to incite or produce unlawful action such as harassment or bodily harm. Misdemeanor.

Loitering on or near a school or public place where children normally congregate, with no lawful business there, and remaining or returning after being asked to leave. Misdemeanor.

With intent that the crime be committed, soliciting another person to commit or join in robbery, burglary, carjacking, grand theft, kidnapping, arson, assault with a deadly weapon or another listed felony. Wobbler.

With intent that the crime be committed, soliciting another person to commit or join in a murder (e.g. offering to pay a hit man), corroborated by two witnesses or one witness plus evidence. Felony: 3, 6 or 9 years.

Knowingly and willfully transferring sounds or images from a recording onto other media with intent to sell them without the owner's consent, or transporting such articles for sale. Wobbler.

With intent to annoy, contacting another by telephone or electronic communication and using obscene language or making a threat to injure the person, their property or family. Misdemeanor.

Making repeated telephone calls or electronic contacts with intent to annoy or harass another person at their home or workplace, whether or not a conversation takes place. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly and maliciously interrupting, disrupting or interfering with an emergency communication on a public safety radio frequency, where the offense results in serious bodily injury or property loss over $10,000. Felony.

Knowingly using, or allowing the use of, the 911 emergency system for any reason other than an emergency. Warning for a first violation; escalating fines afterward.

Knowingly using, or allowing the use of, the 911 emergency system for the purpose of harassing another person. First violation is an infraction or misdemeanor; repeat violations are misdemeanors.

Attempted murder of a peace officer, firefighter, custodial officer, EMT or paramedic engaged in their duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known the victim's status. Life with parole if premeditated.

Taking a direct but ineffective step toward killing another person, with the specific intent to kill. 5, 7 or 9 years; life with parole if willful, deliberate and premeditated.

Taking a direct but ineffective step toward kidnapping another person (PC 207(a)), with the specific intent to commit the kidnapping.

Taking a direct but ineffective step toward committing a robbery, with the specific intent to take property from another by force or fear.

Attempted robbery (PC 664/211) in which the defendant personally used a firearm; the PC 12022.53(b) enhancement applies to attempts.

Taking a direct but ineffective step toward carjacking (taking a vehicle from a person by force or fear), with the specific intent to do so.

Taking a direct but ineffective step toward entering a structure or locked vehicle with intent to commit theft or a felony inside.

Taking a direct but ineffective step toward stealing property worth $950 or less, with the specific intent to steal it.

Petty theft committed by a person with a prior theft conviction and jail term who is also a registered sex offender or has a serious/violent prior. Wobbler.

Giving or offering a bribe to an executive officer (including state and local officials and peace officers) with intent to influence an official vote, opinion, decision or act. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Giving or offering a bribe to a peace officer (an executive officer) with intent to influence an official act, such as not issuing a citation or making an arrest. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

An executive or ministerial officer, employee or appointee of the state or a local government asking for, receiving or agreeing to receive a bribe, on the understanding that their vote, opinion or action will be influenced. Felony; forfeiture of office.

Attempting by threat or violence to deter or prevent an executive officer (including a peace officer) from performing a lawful duty, or knowingly resisting them by force or violence while they perform it. Wobbler.

An executive, ministerial or peace officer, or other public employee, knowingly asking for or receiving any gratuity or reward for doing an official act, other than what the law provides. Misdemeanor.

With intent to cause a public officer or employee (including school staff) to do or refrain from an official act, threatening to inflict injury on any person or property, where it reasonably appears the threat could be carried out. Wobbler.

With intent to defraud, presenting a false or fraudulent claim, bill, account, voucher or writing for payment to a state or local government agency or official. Wobbler.

Knowingly and willfully threatening the life of, or serious bodily harm to, an elected official, judge, appointee, staff member or their immediate family, with specific intent that it be taken as a threat and the apparent ability to carry it out. Wobbler.

Escaping or attempting to escape from the custody of a peace officer after being lawfully arrested, knowing (or reasonably should know) of the arrest. Misdemeanor; a wobbler if force or violence causes officer injury.

Willfully violating a written promise to appear in court given when signing a citation (notice to appear). Misdemeanor, regardless of the underlying charge.

Giving or offering a bribe to a judge, juror, referee, arbitrator or umpire (or a person who may be chosen as one) with intent to influence their vote, opinion or decision. Felony.

Corruptly attempting to influence a juror (or a person summoned as a juror) in respect to their verdict by any means other than evidence and argument in open court, including threats or improper communications. Wobbler.

Setting fire, or causing fire to be set, to any forest, brush or other flammable material on land that is not one's own, or allowing fire to escape onto such land, without the owner's permission. Misdemeanor.

Operating an aircraft in the air, or on the ground or water, in a careless or reckless manner that endangers the life or property of another. Misdemeanor. Pilot licensing and airspace rules are federal (FAA).

Piloting an aircraft without the required FAA pilot certificate. Certification is federal (14 CFR 61.3); state prosecution is via PUC 21407 when the operation is careless or reckless.

Willfully making and signing a state tax return or other document under penalty of perjury, knowing it is not true and correct as to every material matter. Felony.

Intentionally defacing, destroying or altering the motor number, manufacturer's serial number or other distinguishing identification number of a vehicle or vehicle part, without DMV authorization. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly buying, selling, receiving or possessing a vehicle or component part whose manufacturer serial number or VIN has been removed, defaced, altered or destroyed. Misdemeanor.

Knowingly and intentionally owning or operating a chop shop, a place where stolen vehicles are dismantled, altered or stripped for parts to be sold or disposed of. Felony: 2, 3 or 4 years.

Knowingly altering, counterfeiting, defacing, destroying, disguising, falsifying, forging, obliterating or removing VINs with intent to misrepresent or conceal the identity of vehicles or parts, for sale, transfer, import or export. Wobbler.

Driving or taking another's vehicle without the owner's consent, with intent to permanently or temporarily deprive the owner of title or possession, with or without intent to steal ('joyriding'). Wobbler.

Willfully injuring or tampering with any vehicle or its contents, or breaking or removing any part of a vehicle, without the owner's consent, individually or in association with others. Misdemeanor.

With intent to commit malicious mischief, injury or another crime, climbing into or on a vehicle (moving or not), trying to manipulate its controls, or setting it in motion without consent. Misdemeanor.

A person entrusted with a vehicle for storage, repair or parking (mechanic, valet, garage) who uses or operates it beyond the owner's permission. Misdemeanor.

Failing to return a rented or leased vehicle within 5 days after the rental agreement expires, which creates a presumption of embezzlement. Punished as embezzlement (wobbler).

Acting as or engaging in the business of a vehicle dealer, manufacturer, transporter or salesperson without first obtaining the required DMV license or certificate. Misdemeanor.

Operating or moving a vehicle on dealer, manufacturer or transporter special plates for a purpose not allowed (e.g. personal use by non-dealers, beyond 7-day test drives, or on service or work vehicles). Infraction; 0 points.

Driving a motor vehicle on a highway without holding a valid driver's license of the appropriate class (including an expired license), unless exempt. Misdemeanor (often reduced to an infraction); 0 DMV points.

Driving a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle or motorized bicycle on a highway without a valid license or endorsement (Class M1/M2) for that vehicle. Misdemeanor (often reduced to an infraction); 0 DMV points.

Driving without having one's valid driver's license in immediate possession. Correctable with proof of a valid license. Infraction; 0 points.

Failing or refusing to present one's driver's license for examination when demanded by a peace officer enforcing the Vehicle Code (applies to drivers only). Misdemeanor.

Failing to notify the DMV in writing of a change of residence address within 10 days. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving when one's privilege is suspended or revoked for reckless driving, negligent operation, being a negligent operator or other listed reasons, with knowledge of the suspension. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving a motor vehicle while one's driving privilege is suspended or revoked, when the driver has knowledge of the suspension or revocation. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving when one's privilege is suspended or revoked for a DUI conviction, knowing of the suspension. Misdemeanor (minimum 10 days jail); 2 DMV points.

Driving when one's privilege is suspended or revoked by DMV administrative per se action (DUI arrest or chemical-test refusal), knowing of the suspension. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Displaying, possessing, or causing or permitting to be displayed or possessed, a canceled, revoked, suspended, fictitious, fraudulently altered or fraudulently obtained driver's license or ID card. Misdemeanor.

Lending one's driver's license or ID card to another person, or knowingly permitting another person to use it. Misdemeanor.

A driver involved in a collision causing more than $1,000 in property damage, or any injury or death, failing to file an SR-1 report with the DMV within 10 days. Infraction; may result in license suspension. 0 points.

Driving a vehicle without evidence of financial responsibility (liability insurance or another approved form) in the vehicle. Infraction ($100 to $200 base fines plus assessments); 0 points.

A driver involved in an accident who, unless incapacitated, fails to exchange their name, address, license number, VIN, owner's address and insurance information with other drivers or property owners present. Infraction, up to $250; 0 points.

Failing to provide evidence of financial responsibility to a peace officer on request during a traffic stop or after a collision. Infraction; 0 points.

Using a false or fictitious name, knowingly making a false statement, or knowingly concealing a material fact in any document filed with the DMV or CHP (e.g. a registration or title application). Misdemeanor.

A driver involved in an accident resulting in injury or death to another person who fails to stop immediately, give their information, and render reasonable assistance (VC 20003 and 20004). Wobbler; 2 DMV points.

Hit and run (VC 20001(a)) where the accident results in death or permanent, serious injury. Wobbler: 2, 3 or 4 years in state prison, or up to 1 year in county jail; 2 DMV points.

A driver involved in an accident damaging another's property (including vehicles) who fails to stop immediately and either locate the owner and give their name, address and registration, or leave a written notice and report to the police. Misdemeanor regardless of damage amount; 2 DMV points.

A driver in an injury or death collision failing to give their name, address, registration number and owner's information, show their license on request, or render reasonable assistance to the injured, including transport for medical treatment. Violations are punished under VC 20001; 2 DMV points.

Operating a bicycle without required equipment: a working brake, handlebars at a safe height, and, during darkness, a front white light, rear red reflector, pedal reflectors and side reflectors. Infraction; 0 points.

A bicyclist moving slower than traffic who fails to ride as close as practicable to the right curb or edge, outside listed exceptions (passing, turning left, hazards, narrow lanes). Infraction; 0 points.

Driving a motor vehicle in a bicycle lane, except to park where permitted, enter or leave the roadway, prepare to turn within 200 feet of an intersection, or enter or leave an alley or driveway. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Parking or placing a vehicle or object on or across a bicycle path, lane or trail in a way that obstructs or impedes bicyclists. Infraction; 0 points.

A person under 18 operating or riding as a passenger on a bicycle, scooter, skateboard or skates on a street, path or trail without a properly fitted and fastened bicycle helmet. Infraction; 0 points.

Operating a motorized scooter (e-scooter) in violation of listed rules: without a license or permit, on a sidewalk, with a passenger, on roads over 25 mph outside a bike lane, or without a helmet under 18. Infraction; 0 points.

Disobeying signs, signals, barricades or flaggers placed by an authorized agency to close a highway or direct traffic during construction or maintenance work. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to stop at a marked limit line (or before the crosswalk or intersection) when facing a steady circular red signal, and remaining stopped until an indication to proceed is shown (except for a permitted right turn). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Entering an intersection to make the movement indicated by a steady red arrow signal (e.g. turning on a red arrow) before the signal changes. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

A pedestrian starting to cross a roadway in the direction of a flashing or steady 'DON'T WALK' or upraised-hand signal. Infraction; 0 points.

Failing to stop at a flashing red signal before entering the intersection, as if it were a stop sign. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Stopping, standing or parking (except a bus at a bus stop) at a curb painted red, which indicates no stopping, standing or parking whether the vehicle is attended or unattended. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping at a curb painted yellow for longer than needed to load or unload passengers or freight (within the posted time limit), or by a non-commercial vehicle where restricted. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping at a curb painted white for longer than needed to load or unload passengers or deposit mail, within the posted or local time limits. Infraction; 0 points.

Parking at a curb painted green longer than the time limit indicated by posted signs or local ordinance. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving to the left of double parallel solid lines (double yellow lines) separating traffic, except to turn left at an intersection or into or out of a driveway, or as otherwise permitted. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Using a two-way center left-turn lane for anything other than preparing for or making a left turn or U-turn, or driving more than 200 feet in it. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to obey the instructions of an official traffic control device or sign erected according to the Vehicle Code, unless directed otherwise by a peace officer. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to drive on the right half of the roadway, except when passing, when the right half is obstructed, on a one-way street, or as otherwise permitted. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving over, upon or across any dividing section, median, barrier or unpaved strip separating the roadways of a divided highway, except at a lawful opening or crossover. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving a vehicle on the left-hand roadway of a highway divided into two or more roadways, against the flow of traffic, except as directed by an official traffic control device or peace officer. Misdemeanor (a wobbler if injury or death results); 2 DMV points.

Driving slower than the normal speed of traffic without staying in the right-hand lane or as close as practicable to the right-hand edge or curb (except when passing or turning left). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving in a high-occupancy vehicle lane without the minimum number of occupants or a valid exemption decal. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Entering or exiting a high-occupancy vehicle lane by crossing over double parallel solid lines, instead of at a designated entry or exit area. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

On a roadway divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic in one direction, failing to drive as nearly as practical entirely within a single lane, or leaving that lane before determining it is safe. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Weaving or drifting out of a lane because of fatigue. California has no drowsy-driving statute, so this is cited as failure to maintain a lane (or VC 23103 if willful or wanton). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Lane splitting is legal (VC 21658.1), but a motorcyclist who leaves or straddles a lane before it is safe, or splits at an unsafe speed, is cited for failing to maintain a lane. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Operating or moving a motor vehicle on a sidewalk, except as necessary to enter or leave adjacent property. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Following another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of the vehicles, traffic and roadway conditions (tailgating). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Following within 300 feet behind an authorized emergency vehicle sounding a siren, other than on official business. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving through an emergency incident zone (marked by an emergency vehicle with flashing lights) in an unsafe manner, or failing to slow and proceed with due caution. Infraction with double fines; 1 DMV point.

Driving or parking a non-emergency vehicle within the block where fire apparatus has stopped to answer a fire alarm, or within 300 feet of it on a rural or state highway. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Operating a golf cart on any highway other than one with a speed limit of 25 mph or less (or within designated golf cart zones/plans). Infraction; 0 points.

Overtaking and passing a vehicle on the left at an unsafe distance, or returning to the right side of the road before safely clear of the overtaken vehicle. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving to the left side of the roadway to pass when approaching the crest of a hill or a curve with obstructed view, or within 100 feet of an intersection, railroad crossing, bridge or tunnel. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Overtaking and passing on the right when it cannot be done safely, or passing by driving off the paved or main-traveled portion of the roadway (e.g. on the shoulder). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Passing or overtaking a bicycle in the same direction with less than 3 feet between any part of the vehicle and any part of the bicycle or rider. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to yield the right-of-way to a vehicle that has entered the intersection from a different highway, or (at uncontrolled intersections) to the vehicle on the right. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to yield the right-of-way to approaching vehicles close enough to be a hazard when turning left or making a U-turn at an intersection or into a driveway. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

After stopping at a stop sign, failing to yield the right-of-way to vehicles that have approached from another highway or are close enough to be a hazard. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to yield the right-of-way to vehicles that have approached from another highway, or are close enough to be a hazard, at an intersection with a yield sign. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Entering or crossing a highway from a public or private driveway, alley or other property without yielding to all traffic close enough to be a hazard. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Upon the approach of an emergency vehicle using a siren and red lights, failing to yield the right-of-way, pull to the right-hand edge of the road, and stop until it has passed. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to yield to an emergency vehicle using a siren and red lights, where a collision causing injury results. The base offense is an infraction; use VC 23104 if the driving was reckless.

Approaching a stationary emergency vehicle, tow truck or Caltrans vehicle with flashing lights on a highway, failing to change lanes away from it if safe, or to slow to a reasonable and prudent speed if a lane change is not possible. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a marked crosswalk or an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

A pedestrian suddenly leaving a curb or other place of safety and walking or running into the path of a vehicle so close as to be an immediate hazard. Infraction; 0 points.

A pedestrian crossing a roadway outside a marked or unmarked crosswalk failing to yield to vehicles so near as to be an immediate hazard. Infraction; 0 points.

A pedestrian crossing between adjacent intersections controlled by traffic signals or police, other than in a crosswalk. Since 2023 (Freedom to Walk Act), cited only when there is an immediate danger of collision. Infraction; 0 points.

A pedestrian walking on a roadway outside a business or residence district other than close to the left-hand edge, facing traffic. Since 2023, cited only when there is an immediate danger of collision. Infraction; 0 points.

Riding a bicycle, motorized bicycle or walking on a freeway or expressway (or part of one) where Caltrans or local authorities have prohibited such use and posted signs. Infraction; 0 points for non-motorized use.

Riding a skateboard, roller skates or similar device on a highway, sidewalk or roadway where a local ordinance adopted under this section prohibits it. Infraction; 0 points.

Failing to make both the approach for a right-hand turn and the turn itself as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to approach a left turn in the left-most lane lawfully available, or failing to complete the turn into the appropriate lane, at an intersection. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Turning a vehicle contrary to official traffic control devices, signs or lane markings that direct or prohibit turns (e.g. straight-only or left-turn-only lanes). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Making a U-turn in a business district other than at an intersection, or other than on a divided highway where an opening is provided. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Making a U-turn on any highway where the driver does not have an unobstructed view of 200 feet in both directions along the highway and of any traffic thereon. Infraction (no DMV point per the uniform bail schedule).

Starting a stopped, standing or parked vehicle, or backing a vehicle on a highway, before the movement can be made with reasonable safety. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Turning a vehicle from a direct course or moving right or left on a roadway when the movement cannot be made with reasonable safety, or without giving an appropriate signal. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to signal continuously during the last 100 feet traveled before turning, or before changing lanes, when another vehicle may be affected. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Stopping or suddenly decreasing speed without first giving an appropriate signal to the driver of any vehicle immediately behind, when there is an opportunity to signal. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving a vehicle on a highway at a speed greater than 100 mph. Infraction with fines up to $500 and possible license suspension; 2 DMV points.

Driving on a highway faster than 65 mph (or a posted 70 mph limit), regardless of conditions. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving at a speed greater than is reasonable or prudent given weather, visibility, traffic and the highway's surface and width, or at a speed that endangers persons or property, even if below the posted limit. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving 1-15 mph over the posted or prima facie speed limit (or a speed unsafe for conditions). Infraction; 1 DMV point. Above 65 mph on a highway, cite VC 22349(a) with the same tier.

Driving 16-25 mph over the posted or prima facie speed limit. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving 26 or more mph over the posted or prima facie speed limit (100+ mph is VC 22348(b), 2 points). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Exceeding 25 mph (or a posted 15/20 mph limit) when approaching or passing a school building or grounds contiguous to the highway, posted with a standard school warning sign, while children are going to or leaving school or during school recess. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving faster than 25 mph on a highway where construction or maintenance work is being performed and the work zone is posted with warning signs, when workers are present. Infraction (double fines in work zones); 1 DMV point.

Driving so slowly as to impede or block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, or stopping on a highway, unless needed for safety or to comply with law. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving a motortruck with three or more axles, a vehicle towing another vehicle or trailer, a school bus with passengers, or another listed vehicle faster than 55 mph. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to come to a complete stop at the limit line (or before the crosswalk or intersection) when approaching a stop sign. A 'rolling stop' is a violation. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail when a crossing signal or flagger shows a train is approaching, or when the train is plainly visible and in hazardous proximity. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving any vehicle through, around or under a railroad crossing gate or barrier while it is closed or being opened or closed. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Failing to stop when meeting or overtaking, from either direction, a school bus stopped with its red lights flashing, and remaining stopped as long as the red lights flash (unless on the opposite side of a divided or multi-lane highway). Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing in a prohibited place listed in VC 22500 (intersections, crosswalks, safety zones, near fire stations, driveways, sidewalks, bus zones, etc.), except to avoid conflict with traffic or when directed by police. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing within an intersection, except next to a curb in a 'T' intersection where permitted by signs or markings. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing on a marked or unmarked crosswalk, except as needed to avoid traffic or when directed by police or a traffic control device. Infraction; 0 points.

Parking or leaving a vehicle standing within 15 feet of the driveway entrance to a fire station (or 75 feet on the opposite side when signed). Infraction; 0 points.

Parking or leaving a vehicle in front of a public or private driveway, unless a local ordinance or resolution permits it. Infraction; 0 points.

Parking or leaving a vehicle standing on any portion of a sidewalk, or with the body of the vehicle extending over any portion of a sidewalk. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing on the roadway side of any vehicle already stopped or parked at the curb or edge of the highway. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing alongside curb space authorized for the loading and unloading of passengers of a bus engaged as a common carrier, when it is marked as such. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing on any bridge, overpass, viaduct or approach, or in a tube or tunnel, unless signs permit it. Infraction; 0 points.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing along the edge of any highway, at any curb, or in any other location designated as a fire lane by the fire department and properly signed or marked. Infraction; 0 points.

Parking a vehicle on a two-way roadway other than parallel with its right-hand wheels within 18 inches of the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway. Infraction; 0 points.

Parking or leaving a vehicle standing in a stall or space designated for disabled persons without displaying a valid disabled person placard or license plates. Infraction (fines of $250 or more); 0 points.

A tow company or tow truck operator stopping at an accident or disabled vehicle scene to solicit towing, or towing or accruing charges, unless summoned by the owner/operator or requested by law enforcement or a public agency. Misdemeanor.

Stopping, parking or leaving a vehicle standing within 15 feet of a fire hydrant, unless a driver remains in it ready to move it, or a local ordinance allows otherwise. Infraction; 0 points.

Leaving a motor vehicle unattended on a highway without stopping the engine, locking the ignition, removing the key and setting the brakes. Infraction; 0 points.

Parking a vehicle on any railroad track, or within 7.5 feet of the nearest rail. Infraction; 0 points.

Parking within 3 feet of a sidewalk access ramp for disabled persons that is marked by a red curb or sign, or in front of a curb cut serving such a ramp. Infraction; 0 points.

Abandoning a vehicle on any highway, or on public or private property without the owner's consent. An abandoned vehicle is presumed to have been left by its last registered owner. Infraction; 0 points.

Entering an intersection or marked crosswalk, even on a green light, unless there is sufficient space on the other side to accommodate the vehicle without obstructing cross traffic or pedestrians. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving a vehicle on a highway or in an off-street parking facility in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Reckless driving (VC 23103) pled in place of a DUI where alcohol or drugs were involved; counts as a prior for future DUIs. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Reckless driving (VC 23103) that proximately causes bodily injury to anyone other than the driver. Misdemeanor; a wobbler if great bodily injury results (VC 23105); 2 DMV points.

Engaging in a motor vehicle speed contest (a race against another vehicle, a clock or other timing device) on a highway or in an off-street parking facility. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Engaging in a motor vehicle exhibition of speed (accelerating or speeding to show off, e.g. burnouts) on a highway or in an off-street parking facility. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Throwing any substance or object at a vehicle or any occupant of a vehicle on a highway. Misdemeanor (VC 23110(b): felony if done with intent to cause great bodily injury).

With intent to cause great bodily injury, maliciously throwing a rock, brick, bottle or other object capable of doing serious harm at a vehicle or its occupant on a highway. Felony.

Driving a vehicle that is not constructed, loaded or covered to prevent its contents from dropping, sifting, leaking, blowing, spilling or otherwise escaping onto the roadway. Infraction; 0 points.

Transporting a person in the back of a pickup truck or flatbed motor truck on a highway, unless they are secured with an approved restraint system or another exception applies. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving while using a wireless telephone for a voice call unless it is designed and configured for hands-free listening and talking. Infraction; 0 points (1 for another violation within 36 months).

Driving while holding and operating a cell phone or other wireless communications device, unless it is mounted and operated hands-free with a single swipe or tap. Infraction; 0 points for a first offense (1 point for another violation within 36 months).

A person under 21 driving with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05% or more (but under 0.08%). Infraction; 2 DMV points. Under-21 drivers at 0.01% or more also face administrative suspension (VC 13353.2).

Driving a vehicle while impaired by alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both, to the point the driver can no longer operate it with the caution of a sober person. General DUI charge covering every subdivision of VC 23152; cite a specific subdivision (a)-(g) when the type of impairment or BAC is known. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving a vehicle while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage, meaning alcohol has so impaired the driver's mental or physical abilities that they can no longer drive with the caution of a sober person. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving a vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more (0.04% for commercial drivers under 23152(d)), regardless of impairment ('per se' DUI). Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving a vehicle while addicted to the use of any drug (other than a person in an approved narcotic treatment program). Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving a commercial motor vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04% or more. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points; CDL disqualification.

Driving a vehicle for hire (taxi, limo, Uber or Lyft) with a passenger aboard, with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04% or more. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving while under the influence of any drug (illegal, prescription or over-the-counter) to the degree that one can no longer drive with the caution of a sober person. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving while under the combined influence of an alcoholic beverage and any drug, to the degree that one can no longer drive with the caution of a sober person. Misdemeanor; 2 DMV points.

Driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs and, while driving, doing an act forbidden by law or neglecting a legal duty, which proximately causes bodily injury to another person. Wobbler; 2 DMV points.

Driving with a BAC of 0.08% or more and, while driving, doing an act forbidden by law or neglecting a legal duty, which proximately causes bodily injury to another person. Wobbler; 2 DMV points.

Having in one's possession, while driving a motor vehicle on a highway or public land, any bottle, can or other receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage that has been opened, has a broken seal, or has had some contents removed. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

A passenger in a motor vehicle on a highway or public land having in their possession an open or unsealed container of an alcoholic beverage. Infraction; 0 points.

Operating a vehicle that is not equipped with a functioning, certified ignition interlock device when one's driving privilege is restricted to IID-equipped vehicles. Misdemeanor.

Penalty provision: a VC 23152 DUI committed within 10 years of a prior DUI or 'wet reckless' conviction, punishable by 96 hours to 1 year in jail and license suspension. Charged as VC 23152 with the prior alleged; 2 DMV points.

Committing a DUI (VC 23152) within 10 years of two prior DUI or wet reckless convictions. Misdemeanor with enhanced penalties; 2 DMV points. Any further DUI is a felony under VC 23550.

Committing a DUI (VC 23152) within 10 years of three or more prior DUI or wet reckless convictions. Felony; 2 DMV points.

Committing a DUI (VC 23152 or 23153) when the driver already has a prior felony DUI conviction (VC 23550, 23153, or vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated). Felony regardless of how long ago the prior was; 2 DMV points.

Driving or moving on a highway any vehicle or combination of vehicles that is in an unsafe condition, or not safely loaded, presenting an immediate safety hazard. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Driving a vehicle equipped with lamps or devices not required or permitted by the Vehicle Code, or permitted lamps that are not of an approved type (e.g. aftermarket colored lights or neon underglow while driving). Infraction; 0 points.

Operating a passenger vehicle or pickup whose frame or body height has been modified (lifted or lowered) beyond the legal limits in VC 24008.5, measured from the ground to the bottom of the frame rail. Infraction; 0 points.

Failing to turn on required lighting equipment (headlamps, tail lamps) when driving during darkness or in conditions of reduced visibility. Infraction; 0 points per the uniform bail schedule.

Driving a motor vehicle without at least two working headlamps (one on each side of the front) meeting height and placement requirements. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving a motor vehicle without at least two working stoplamps (brake lights) of the required color and placement (one for motorcycles), or with defective stoplamps. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving a motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer required to have turn signal lamps without working front and rear turn signal lamps. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving a motor vehicle that is not equipped with a service brake and parking brake system adequate to control and stop the vehicle. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving with any object or material placed, displayed, installed, affixed or applied on the windshield or side or rear windows (e.g. unlawful tint) that obstructs or reduces the driver's clear view. Infraction; 0 points.

Operating a vehicle with a windshield or rear window that is in such a defective condition (cracked, broken or discolored) that it impairs the driver's vision to the front or rear. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving a vehicle with a sound amplification system that can be heard 50 or more feet away (outside listed exemptions). Infraction; 0 points.

Driving a motor vehicle that is not equipped with an adequate muffler in constant operation and properly maintained to prevent excessive or unusual noise. Infraction; 0 points.

Modifying a vehicle's exhaust system (including a muffler cut-out, bypass or straight pipe) to amplify or increase engine noise above that of the original muffler, or above 95 dB. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving or riding as a passenger (16 or older) in a motor vehicle on a highway without being properly restrained by a safety belt. Infraction; 0 points.

A parent, guardian or driver transporting a child under 8 without securing them in an appropriate child passenger restraint system in the rear seat, as required. Infraction; 1 DMV point (VC 12810(h)).

Driving a motor vehicle with any tire with less than 1/32 inch tread depth (larger trucks and buses have higher minimums). Infraction; 0 points.

Driving or riding on a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle or motorized bicycle without wearing a safety helmet that meets federal standards. Infraction; 0 points.

Willfully failing or refusing to comply with a lawful order, signal or direction of a peace officer enforcing the Vehicle Code, or submitting a vehicle to inspection when required. Misdemeanor.

Willfully fleeing or attempting to elude a pursuing peace officer's vehicle while driving, with intent to evade, where the officer's vehicle shows a lighted red lamp, sounds a siren as reasonably necessary, is distinctively marked, and the officer is in uniform. Misdemeanor; 1 DMV point.

Evading a pursuing peace officer (VC 2800.1) while driving with willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property, including committing 3 or more point-count violations or causing property damage during the pursuit. Wobbler; 2 DMV points.

Evading a pursuing peace officer (VC 2800.1) where the flight or attempt to elude causes serious bodily injury to any person. Wobbler (VC 2800.3(b): felony if it causes death); 2 DMV points.

Evading a pursuing peace officer (VC 2800.1) while driving on a highway in the direction opposite to lawfully moving traffic. Wobbler; 1 DMV point (not listed among the 2-point offenses in VC 12810(d)).

Disconnecting, resetting or altering the odometer of any motor vehicle with intent to reduce the number of miles indicated. Misdemeanor.

A commercial vehicle driver failing or refusing to stop and submit to inspection of the vehicle's size, weight, equipment, loading, emissions and the driver's license and hours of service, where CHP is inspecting and signs require the stop. Misdemeanor.

Failing to obey the traffic directions of a uniformed school crossing guard who is directing children across a street. Infraction; 1 DMV point.

Giving, either orally or in writing, information known to be false to a peace officer enforcing the Vehicle Code (e.g. a false name, date of birth or address at a traffic stop). Misdemeanor.

Driving a vehicle transporting hazardous materials on a route other than state or interstate highways designated for hazardous cargo, except as needed for pickup or delivery. Misdemeanor; 0 DMV points.

Operating a vehicle or load wider than 102 inches (8.5 feet), the maximum width allowed on the highway, without a special permit. Infraction; 0 points.

Operating a vehicle or combination whose total gross weight on any group of axles exceeds the weight allowed by the bridge formula in VC 35551. Infraction (fines scale with excess weight); 0 points.

Operating or leaving an off-highway motor vehicle (dirt bike, ATV, etc.) on lands open to the public without valid off-highway identification (green or red sticker), unless it has street registration. Infraction; 0 points.

Operating, riding or being carried on an all-terrain vehicle on public lands without wearing a safety helmet that meets the standards in VC 27802. Infraction; 0 points.

Driving, moving or leaving standing on a highway or public parking facility a vehicle that is not currently registered with the DMV, with all fees paid. Infraction; 0 points.

Willfully violating a written promise to appear given for a Vehicle Code citation, or failing to appear in court as ordered. Misdemeanor; can lead to license suspension. 0 DMV points.

Failing to keep the current registration card (or a facsimile) with the vehicle for which it was issued, available for inspection. Infraction; 0 points.

Displaying a disabled person placard that was not issued to the user, or that has been canceled or revoked, to park in a disabled space or avoid parking fees. Misdemeanor; 0 points.

Displaying on a vehicle a registration card, license plate, tab or permit that was not issued for that vehicle or is not otherwise lawfully used on it. Infraction; 0 points.

Displaying on a vehicle any registration card, certificate, license plate, tab or permit not issued for that vehicle, with intent to avoid registration fees or compliance with the Vehicle Code. Misdemeanor.

With intent to defraud, altering, forging, counterfeiting or falsifying a certificate of ownership, registration card, license plate, permit or other DMV document, or passing or using such a document as genuine. Wobbler.

With intent to defraud, possessing or displaying a blank, canceled, suspended, revoked, altered, forged, counterfeit or false certificate of ownership, registration, license plate or permit. Wobbler.

Failing to attach and display license plates on the front and rear of the vehicle (rear only for motorcycles or vehicles issued only one plate). Infraction; 0 points.

Covering a license plate with glass, plastic or any other material, or placing a frame or object that obstructs the visibility or legibility of the plate (including any material that impairs electronic or photographic recognition). Infraction; 0 points.

Failing to display current month and year registration tabs on the rear license plate. Infraction; 0 points.

A seller failing to deliver a properly endorsed certificate of ownership to the buyer on the sale or transfer of a vehicle. Infraction; 0 points.

Operating, using, moving or leaving on state waters an undocumented vessel that has not been registered with the DMV and does not display current registration numbers and stickers. Infraction.

Operating a registered vessel without its assigned registration number painted or attached on each side of the forward half of the hull, with current registration stickers, as required. Infraction.

Willfully obtaining, or attempting to obtain, public assistance (CalWORKs, CalFresh, etc.) by false statement, impersonation, failure to disclose facts, or other fraudulent device. Wobbler if over $950; otherwise a misdemeanor.